Atopic dermatitis in children: how to solve it. Atopic dermatitis in children: symptoms, methods of treatment and preventative measures Atopic dermatitis in children.

Small bulbs appear on the scorched plots, out of nowhere, and the child feels an unbearable itching.

Atopic dermatitis in children, with a wide range of extensions, and in aggravated areas, sickness occurs in approximately 20% of children. Illness often becomes severe - 34%, - 25% and -8%.

The exact causes of atopic dermatitis have not yet been identified. Apparently, the main reason is the innate complexity of the child’s immune system. In the blood of children who suffer from atopic dermatitis, there is an increase in the level of antibodies, which is indicative of an allergy, which Immunoglobulins type E, IgE. This means that the body is in a constant state of readiness to launch an allergic reaction to any stimulus on the side of the spine, apparently the causes of atopic dermatitis, most likely, may be of an allergic nature.

Also, illness can be caused by various infections, food allergies, or the influx of any chemical substances. Atopic dermatitis of the allergic type can become worsened by extreme temperatures and moisture, increased sweating, and neuropsychic stress.

Most often, children with atopic dermatitis suffer from whatever it is that appears. Sometimes illness develops in early children up to 6 months of age, or it can develop in older children, and occur between children and adults.

Clinical forms of atopic dermatitis are classified into phases during the life of the patient, stages of illness during the course of illness, and forms during the transition of illness. This classification includes the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis is divided into 3 phases. Nemovlya phase – up to 2 periods. It often appears when complementary foods are introduced. It is localized on the stomach and then can spread throughout the body. Dityacha - Up to 13 years. It appears on the neck and in the places where the ends are bent, then moves to the abdomen and back, and then can spread throughout the whole body. It is characterized by hyperemia and swelling of the skin, the appearance of painful cracks and erosion. Pidlitkova the phase of atopic dermatitis and adulthood - 13 years of age and older. Atopic dermatitis is characterized by changes in the skin structure due to disruptions in its structure and water balance, and therefore the need for special care of the skin.

According to the stage of development, atopic dermatitis is divided into the cob stage, the stage of developmental changes, which in its turn is divided into gostru і chronic phase and stage remissions . Depending on the severity of the illness, the illness is divided into mild, moderate and severe forms.

Separating the illness by step of the process breadth divides the illness into lined up , wider і diffuse form.

Clinical and etiological options for atopic dermatitis can be caused by allergic types: grub, mites, fungi, sawweed and other types. There are also options for secondary infections.

Based on the nature of its development, atopic dermatitis in children is divided into pyoderma , viral infection or else fungal infection .

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis vary widely depending on the eyelid. For baby phase Illness is characterized by the following signs: reddish skin, curls, reddish sagging on the skin of the face, neck, abdomen, buttocks, on the back surfaces of the ends in the area of ​​the elbow and knee joints, inguinal folds.

Present symptoms of atopic dermatitis include dryness and itching in the area of ​​inflammation, the appearance of small yellowish-gray scabs, the formation of cracks and bumps with a gap in the middle on the surface of the skin.

When sick on child phase More symptoms described are supplemented by the localization of manifestations in the area of ​​the feet, ankles, and skin folds. Possible prolonged illness, with periods of illness and temporary symptoms. The child suffers from itching, possibly sleep disturbance.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis in children

Treatment for illness is complex and systemic, and begins with the suppression of all various influxes. allergens ) on the child’s body. Treatment of atopic dermatitis is indicated, which is immediately supplemented hypoallergenic diet, which includes all products that can trigger the cooking: citrus fruits, chicken egg whites and broth, chocolate, cow’s milk, peas, etc. products, especially orange and red colors. The child prefers fermented milk products, cereals, vegetable and fruit purees from green color products.

In order to protect children's clothes, be careful when wearing clothes made from synthetic and cotton fabrics, which can cause an allergic reaction and aggravate the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

Stop with drug therapy antihistamines і glucocorticosteroids methods of local infusion (creams, ointments). External drugs based on seven days a week .

Hormonal medications are prescribed for forms of illness in which atopic dermatitis occurs in a highly complex manner. The stench is treated with caution and only after the doctor’s indications. Stand behind the readings phototherapy і psychotherapy .

In severe cases of illness, the child requires hospitalization.

Doctors

Liki

Prevention of atopic dermatitis

Preventive approaches to avoiding illness in children should begin at the i stage and include pre-natal care, treatment of concomitant illnesses, exclusion of psycho-emotional pressures and pre-natal activities. Onal regime pratsi ta vidpochinku.

In children, the prevention of atopic dermatitis is based on pre-natal professional dietary recommendations for benefits, careful transition to a one-year-old bath, pre-natal hygiene, daily routine for children, stress reduction and adequate care for children. sign of illness. Whether there are any “freedoms” in the plan introduction of complementary foods may very quickly lead to heavy inheritances for the child, over which it will be a difficult time to fight.

Diet, food for atopic dermatitis in children

List of jerels

• Shamov B.A., Shamova A.G. Atopic dermatitis in children – Kazan: Nove znannya, 2006. – 256 p.
• Kondurina E.G., Filatova T.A., Elkina T.M. Atopic dermatitis in children: current epidemiological trends. Bulli. ZRAMS. 2004;
• "Atopic dermatitis." Per ed. Sergeeva Yu.V., 2005.

Atopic dermatitis is inflammation of the skin associated with allergic symptoms and itching. In children, illness can recur in any age. Often you suffer from such forms of pathology as bronchial asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, rhinitis, food allergy.

Today, illness is considered an urgent medical problem that affects the interests of pediatrics, dermatology, allergology, immunology and therapy. Atopic dermatitis can develop into a chronic form and retain its symptoms throughout a person’s life. Half of the children who suffer from illness develop various accompanying problems over time.

What's this?

Atopic dermatitis in children is a chronic, recurrent disease. Sometimes it is called diathesis, eczema, neurodermatitis. Illness is constantly present in the human body.

Cause the blame

Dzherela pathologies occur in the aggregate of genetic dissimilarity to allergies in those exposed to adverse environmental factors. The baby, whose father is sensitive to allergens, is most often susceptible to atopic dermatitis.

We see the main reasons that provoke pathology:

1. Vaginism is heavy. The future mother’s health problems can form the child’s weakness into allergies and atopies. Unsafe factors include a threat to the eye, acute chronic diseases, infectious diseases, fetal hypoxia, and intrauterine infection.
2. Kharcho's allergy. The cause of atopic dermatitis in cats is caused by improper feeding. For a child, the unhealthy diet of the mother during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not safe. A woman who is susceptible to highly allergenic hedgehogs, a pre-term baby, is encouraged to breastfeed or introduce early complementary feeding, and often refers the baby to a culprit pathology.
3. Other allergies. It is not uncommon for food products to provoke pathology. Inhalation products (drink, household chemicals, sawdust, wind fresheners, household ticks) can cause dermatitis. Contact dermatitis requires creams, special care for the care of non-humans, vologi servetki. Atopic dermatitis can be caused by a drug.
4. Associated illness. Most often, atopic dermatitis occurs in children who suffer from CCT diseases. The most common are intestinal dysbiosis, enterocolitis, helminthic infestations, and gastritis.

The development of ailments or illnesses can be influenced by various factors:

• stress, psychoemotional overstrain, nervous overexcitation;
• passive chicken;
• the ecology is unfriendly;
• seasonal changes (the risk of infectious diseases, in which the immune system recognizes an increased attack);
• Physically, you have the right to call for notifications.

Dermatitis in children may be due to any other reason. What most often provokes pathology is the combination of fortune-telling ideas.

Symptoms

Atopic dermatitis in cats can manifest itself with the following symptoms:

• strong itching;
• vysypannya on the face, in the localities vigin skins;
• restless baby, rotten dream;
• hyperemia of the skin;
• repairing cracks in the area;
• almost completely dependent on appetite.

Clinicians indicate that during severe periods in children, the temperature can rise to 38 degrees.

Symptoms characteristic of this pathology are localized in the following areas:

• scalp hair;
• Gone are the endings;
• wow, cheeks, chin.

The atopic form of dermatitis in children of the age group for up to 3 years manifests itself in the form of the following symptoms:

• the peeling of the skins of the skins;
• wastage of vagina;
• dryness of the skin is improved;
• red skin;
• puffiness of skins;
• decoration of the temples;
• illumination of the narrowness (in places).

Visipu elements are localized in the following places:

• mucous membrane of poultry-bearing paths;
• elbow, foot;
• skin revealing;
• Shi area.

For children of the age group older than three years of age, the following symptoms of progression of atopic dermatitis are typical:

• blackened leather cover;
• repairing cracks near the folds of the skin;
• The dryness of the skin has been improved with a polished finish, which visually reminds the hangers.

In some episodes, the simmering transitions to the stage of the creation of sparks, which gradually dry up and fall. It should also be noted that for all age-old categories, during the development of this pathological process, a sharp loss of energy and almost complete loss of appetite is characteristic.

Clinicians indicate that in single clinical episodes at the embryonic stage of development, the symptoms of the disease may be daily. Moreover, many fathers, when the symptoms described above appear, do not immediately seek medical help, seeking help from people’s means to relieve the symptoms.

This form of the disease has a seasonal nature - in the summer there are virtually no symptoms, while in the winter there is a risk of congestion.

What does atopic dermatitis look like in children: photo

The photo below shows how illness manifests itself in children.

Stages of development of illness

There are 4 stages of illness:

cob stage	develops in children with exudative-catarrhal type of constitution. At this stage, there is characteristic hyperemia, swelling of the skin of the cheeks, and peeling. This stage, with immediate treatment with an early hypoallergenic child, is reversed. In case of inadequate or untimely treatment, it can go into the advanced (progressive) stage.
Virazhena stage	go through the chronic and gastric phase of development. The chronic phase is characterized by a sequence of skin rashes. The acute phase of microvesiculation appears with the development of a small leaf and a crust.
Remission stage	During the period of remission, symptoms change and disappear completely. This stage can last for several years.
Stage of clinical swelling	At this stage, symptoms range from 3 to 7 days a day, which can be considered to be at the level of severity of illness.

Significant stages, phases and periods of acute illness and important nutritional advice about therapeutic tactics for a short- or long-term program.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis in children

At present, treatment for atopic dermatitis in children is not possible, as there is chronic illness, which requires difficult control over the progression of the disease. A necessary comprehensive approach before therapy. Treatment consists of selecting the most adequate combinations of additional basic therapy (skin care) and anti-inflammatory therapy if necessary.

Inclusion or reduction of contact with the allergen and change in non-allergenic symptoms precede the worsening of allergies. The effectiveness of treatment for atopic dermatitis is significantly advanced in the minds of the patient and his family in the allergy school system.

The main goals of therapy for atopic dermatitis:

1. Suspension or change of ignition changes on the skin and itching.
2. Renewal of the structure and function of the skin, normalization of skin moisture.
3. The development of severe forms of illness was suppressed.
4. Therapy for accompanying illnesses.
5. Avoiding the progression of atopic disease (atopic march).

Since atopic dermatitis is a chronic disease, the success of this treatment requires consistent treatment between the doctor and the fathers of the little patient.

The doctor’s efforts are aimed directly at suppressing allergic inflammation of the baby’s skin and changing allergens. A properly selected diet, in addition to food allergens, can properly color the skin, the prognosis and result of atopic dermatitis.

External treatment is important for complex treatment of children with atopic dermatitis. You choose to treat the skin level, level and stage of illness, and for the purposes of: reducing inflammation in the skin, reducing itching, reducing dryness, preventing secondary infection.

Medication-free treatment

Medication was prescribed to alleviate the manifestations of dermatitis, and to combat the cause. For which different drugs are prescribed for children:

• Antihistamines - Citrine, Diazoline, Suprastin. A change in the allergic reaction is indicated. Often these drugs are called for, so they are taken in a short course of 6-7 days.
• Hemosorption, plasmapheresis are methods of blood purification that help relieve atopic dermatitis.
• Hormonal therapy - Metipred, Triamcinolone. Get help in case of acute illness and relieve symptoms.
• Antibiotics – Erythromycin, Rondomycin. They are considered to be a symptom of vinyl dermatitis and an infectious disease. Treatment course – 7 days.
• Bathing with a light ultraviolet lamp may not be contraindicated. It is necessary to carry out 2-3 procedures per week.

Also prescribed are drugs for coloring the scolio-intestinal tract - Festal, Gepabene, Mezim, Linex. Dermatitis can become infected, as the child is afraid of damage to the side of the herbal system.

• Ointments - Levomikol, Bepanten, Panthenol, furacylinic, dioxide, ichthiol or zinc ointments.
• Vitamins – A, groups B, E. To brighten the skin and stimulate regenerative processes.
• Antiseptics – water peroxide, fucorcin.
• Preparations with a sorbent effect – Enterosorbent Polysorb. Stinks are removed from the body and allergens.
• Immunostimulants – are rarely prescribed for acute forms of dermatitis.

The primary doctor for children with atopic dermatitis is a dermatologist, who works in collaboration with an allergist and other doctors (neurologist, gastroenterologist).

People's estates

External agents are effective for atopic dermatitis. The stench is applied to the body area. With the help of the recipes below, you may experience inflammation and extremely dry skin.

A number of folk remedies for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children:

• with aloe, raw potatoes or fresh watermelon (soak tampons in it and apply to the skin);
• ointment from vershkaya oil and St. John's wort juice (mix 1 tbsp. St. John's wort juice with 4 tbsp. melted vershkaya butter, place the preparations in the refrigerator and leave aside to grease the plots several times per day);
• ointment made from milk, rice starch and glycerin (take all ingredients in equal parts, 1 tsp each, mix thoroughly and let stand to lubricate the skin at night);
• flaxseed oil with chamomile flowers (boil 100 ml of flaxseed oil with 1 tbsp chamomile flowers, soak tampons in the extracted mixture and apply to ailing skin areas for 3 years life in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children.

You can also take a bath with an infusion of birch berries. To prepare the infusion, take 1 tbsp. l. nirok tree, pour dill into a bottle and leave for 3 years. After this preparation, the mixture is processed and poured into the water in which the baby is bathed.

Treatment of dermatitis in children: doctor Komarovsky

For the sake of Doctor Komarovsky - video.

Bathing for atopic dermatitis

Taking care of a bath with Atopic dermatitis involves gentle treatment, but in this case it is necessary to follow a number of simple rules:

1. The bath or shower lingers but is peacefully warm. The optimal length of the bath is about 20 minutes. Better yet, if possible, use dechlorinated water (filter or let the bath water stand for 1-2 years with further addition of dill).
2. You cannot scrub with washcloths or rub the skin regardless of the symptoms of allergic dermatitis. Only highly acidic, hypoallergenic cleaning products with a neutral pH can be used.
3. In case of acute atopic dermatitis, after bathing, blot the skin with a soft towel (do not rub it dry or rub it!) and apply a stretch of 3 softening agents (Bepanten, Lipikar, F-99, etc.).
4. Swimming in pools with chlorinated water is unique. In some episodes of negative influx, you can feel stagnant, stagnant after a shower session with the use of soft products to cleanse, with further application of skin-loving and soften the skin of preparations.

When you are sick, you need to bathe in warm and only boiling water, or pass the water through a good filter - the water does not contain chlorine! You can bathe in a slightly clean, slightly russet solution of potassium permanganate, in a bath with added sea salt (offal). Milk and shampoo for atopic dermatitis should only be used on children and no more than once a day, so as not to remove the fatty, dry residue from the child’s skin.

Diet for treatment of atopic dermatitis

During the early years of childhood, bathing plays an important role, especially among children. Based on the forecast of illness, it is necessary to turn off products that will remove the allergen. In the first years of life, children may be sensitive to cow's milk proteins, eggs, gluten, cereals, peas, and citrus fruits.

1. If you are allergic to cow's milk, you can use soy mixtures: Frisosa, Nutrilak soya, Alsa.
2. In case of allergic reactions to soy proteins and in important forms of grub allergy, it is necessary to take hypoallergenic drugs: Pregestimil, Nutramigen, Alphari (Nestlé).
3. If you are allergic to gluten (25% of children), it is recommended to use hypoallergenic porridges based on buckwheat, corn, commercial rice - Remedia, Heinz, Istra-Nutricia, Humana.

Introducing a new product into the skin may be recommended with a doctor, no more than 1 product per day and in small portions. It is necessary to include products that cause allergies in children if their intolerance is confirmed (you can do a blood test for a specific allergen).

Atopic dermatitis results from the reaction of the immune system of the human body to the influx of external or internal agents. Symptoms of this illness are painful, and can easily occur due to direct contact with the allergen. Most often children suffer from such illness. More than 60% of births are children up to 2 years. Overcoming illness is affected by its non-transmissibility. It can go up to 7-8 years, and it can also outgrow the subadult and adult form. Therefore, it is necessary to get rid of these problems even at the first stages of life. Treatment of atopic dermatitis in children is difficult and difficult, so at the first signs of illness it is necessary to go to the doctor.

Atopic dermatitis can go away on its own, or it can become chronic

Features of atopic dermatitis

About what atopic dermatitis looks like in children, a young mother knows about what atopic dermatitis looks like in children, and a child up to 3 years of age knows. According to the WHO, “childhood eczema” most often manifests itself in childhood, through genetic diversity or under the influence of other factors. Sickness is caused by the presence of various allergens on the skin. More than 50% of losses are food products.

They can also be caused by contact allergies (steamy clothes, fur from other animals, etc.), as well as those that enter the body through the upper respiratory tract (saw blades, toxic odors, etc.). Atopic dermatitis in children usually resolves with low gradual relapses and worsening. The probability of illness in children growing up (up to 3–4 years) in children (up to 7 years) is 20%. Smaller sublime shape.

Howling clothes can be used to tease the skin

What causes an allergic reaction?

Causes of atopic dermatitis are different. Since the age of the child is 1 rik, the main reason is the slump and the baby’s overcooking with artificial sums. With breastfeeding, the factor of transfer of milk is difficult through greater penetration into the baby's pouch. Hungry from the dance, the child feels hungry after drinking all her food. However, the genetic factor is not the main cause of the appearance of atopic dermatitis in children.

Primary causes of atopic dermatitis

In older adults, the level of vulnerability decreases, and the main factors become:

• Acts of food preparations. It can be provoked by concurrent illness (dysbacteriosis, gastritis, viruses, etc.). Often, atopic dermatitis in children, caused by food allergens, is provoked during childhood, with early introduction of complementary foods or overfed.
• Vaginism is heavy. If the mother of a sick child suffered from a viral illness, the child’s sensitivity could lead to allergies.
• Contact allergies and inhalation agents. These include: cosmetic products for looking after the baby’s skin, butterfly files, wool from pets, fluffy clothes, household chemicals, etc.
• Reception of faces. The childhood form of atopic dermatitis may cause an allergic reaction to other drugs that are taken to treat other pathologies.

Children's cosmetics can cause allergies, so it may be very clear

Secondary causes of atopic dermatitis

Infantile dermatitis, which manifests itself in two ways, is unmistakable. When signs of illness appear in a child in later life, without manifestations in childhood, doctors are increasingly recommending diets, giving priority to contact and inhalation patients. In addition, we know the factors that contribute to the development of atopic dermatitis:

• emotional overexcitation and stress;
• passive chicken;
• environmental situation;
• seasonality (in warmer seasons, remissions are avoided);
• increased sweating.

The causes of atopic dermatitis in children aged 7–14 years may have little to do with food. Such illnesses are chronic and often carry with them additional health problems.

The complications of atopic dermatitis in children manifest themselves in the form of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Atopic dermatitis in children often transforms into adult eczema.

Symptoms of allergic dermatitis

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis in children vary widely with signs that represent a small form of pathology. In 40% of cases, illness does not become chronic and is self-evident. If the dermatitis does not go away until the age of 4, the baby’s fathers need to take care of their “child’s” care.

Atopic dermatitis in children, the symptoms of which were previously avoided, may last a more distressing period in the remission stage. Apart from the peculiarity of the development of this illness, there is the emergence of new forms of pathology, which are characterized by great inflammation of the skin on different parts of the body. Thus, with atopic dermatitis in children during adolescence, symptoms such as:

• the appearance of redness on the cheeks (diathesis) and buttocks;
• strong itching of the scorched sections of the skin;
• wet wounds;
• papular new creations;
• dry burnt skins, soft to the point of cracking;
• signs of pyoderma.

The first sign of illness in the future is the appearance of erysipelas and red spots on the face. Such a visipka starts to turbulence the baby with strong itching. It opens the skin to wounds and exposes the body to microbial infection. Dermatitis on the face begins to expand. Sores may develop on the cheeks and become wet. Possible pyoderma. The singed sections of the skin are dried, covered with a pick, then itched and subject to repeated cleaning.

The first symptoms of allergy are red spots on the face

Signs of development of atopic dermatitis

Signs of atopic dermatitis can be localized in other parts of the body. The clinical picture becomes especially clear at the chronic stage of illness. The spots on the body become larger and have clear contours. Its surface is dry and often susceptible to cracks. And also beware of pigmentation of the skin due to the thickening of the spots themselves.

Physical development in children over three years of age

Atopic dermatitis in children is 5 years old and more can be based on symptoms:

• Dermatitis on legs. Allergic rash appears on the knees and other areas of the skin, especially on the feet. There's a clear picture there.
• Winter foot syndrome. The feet of the sick person appear dry, weak to the point of cracking with welts. The sagging on the child’s legs is great and itching unbearably. It is important to watch out for this so that the child does not risk introducing a second infection through a great risk.
• Morgan syndrome. Characterized by scorched skin. Deep wrinkles appear.
• "Khutryan's hat." Those who suffer from seborrheic dermatitis know about this “farm hat”. Perhaps the entire scalp is covered with a thin pick, so that it peels and gradually itches. The political part especially suffers due to thinning hair.

The older the child with atopic dermatitis, the less allergic visipa is “scattered” throughout the body.

Most often, even up to 7-8 years, the spots are localized most often on the elbows, on the hands, and also in the area of ​​the ankle joint.

In single episodes, illness develops into forms of juvenile puboplantar dermatosis.

Winter foot syndrome manifests itself as swelling on the legs

Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis

Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in children and children is carried out comprehensively, based on the results of laboratory tests, as well as by examining the spots on the skin of the patient. And the doctor can also take an anamnesis of the patient (and his father), about the appearance of the first signs of pathology, their severity and character. The genetic factor is also important. When consulting a dermatologist, the doctor will understand whether your close relatives suffer from allergies. Seizure syndrome is confirmed by doctors to occur in seizures, when mothers and fathers have suffered from atopic dermatitis in children.

Secondary diagnostic methods

One of the second diagnostic methods for making a diagnosis is the following sign:

• recurrent conjunctivitis;
• the frequency of soles and valleys;
• inflammation of the mucous membrane of the lips;
• excessive sweating;
• "kun hats".

A diagnosis of a doctor can only be made if there is a clear clinical pattern of six objective signs. However, such quilting alone is not enough to recognize the effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, in case of atopy of the skin, laboratory tests of blood and stool are carried out. Particularly important is the level of lg E in blood serum. In patients with dermatitis, the incidence of envy is 47–58%. There are always blames and blames. About 20% of patients have a normal lg reading.

This is also a way to detect an allergen. You can get help with allergy tests. Most often, this is carried out after monitoring the sick person or his father for the body’s reaction to any other food product or other foods.

A blood test is required to make a diagnosis

Therapy for atopic dermatitis

With the appearance of a sign of infantile eczema, young men react restlessly to the problem, constantly searching for a qualified doctor. Fathers and children have 2 meals - “how to eat” and “how to eat.” There is no doubt about those who suffer from pathology. If there are any effective methods for atopic dermatitis, as well as if the allergen itself is detected, you can avoid the sign of illness for many years. In the future, your little one and your father will have to be careful. It is an important time to carry out the prevention of atopic dermatitis in children and children, the main goal is to identify all allergens.

It is best to ask your doctor about how to treat atopic dermatitis in children. Self-cleaning is turned off. Those patients who rejoiced in their successes most often failed to achieve positive results from therapy. Treat atopic dermatitis in children with a clear plan, which includes:

1. Fighting allergic reactions and signs (antihistamines, sedatives, etc.)
2. Updating the appearance and function of the skin (creams and ointments, as well as drugs that contain antibiotics in your warehouse).
3. Preventing the development of illness again (turning off allergens, starting a child’s diet and eating grub).
4. Stimulation of the immune system (drugs for stimulating the immune system and vitamin complexes).

To treat atopic dermatitis in children, cosmetic products and pharmaceutical preparations for external inflammation are also used, which help relieve itching and soothe the skin. This kind of treatment is respected by others and does not interfere with the main therapy.

Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory allergic skin condition caused by allergens and toxins, also known as infantile eczema. Atopic dermatitis in children of the first years of life is more likely to be congenital illnesses, but we are not tired, since the initial mechanism of its culprit is the spasmodic factor and often children, in addition to dermatitis, suffer from other factors show allergies - food allergy, bronchial asthma. Doctors currently see 3 forms of illness:

• Ditin from 0 to 3 years;
• Child from 3-7 years of age;
• Pidlitkova

In babies up to 6 months of age, illness occurs in 45% of cases. At the first age of life, 60% of children suffer from allergies, after 5 years – 20% of children. Treatment of atopic dermatitis in children becomes very difficult for doctors, since the wounds are of a chronic, relapsing nature and are associated with other concomitant illnesses.

Causes of atopic dermatitis in children

The main reason for the occurrence of atopic dermatitis in children is the combination of genetic susceptibility to allergic manifestations in a complex with adverse Dovkill factors. Since both parents are wary of signs of hypersensitivity to any child, then in their children the risk of atopic dermatitis becomes 80%, with atopic dermatitis in 1 of their children may suffer from atopy in 40% of losses.

Kharcho's allergy

The manifestation of atopic dermatitis in the first day (month) of a child’s life is immediately overcome by food allergy. This may be caused by improper feeding of the woman during gestation and during breastfeeding (injured by highly allergenic foods), over-fed of the baby, pregnant woman during breastfeeding, early introduction of complementary foods. It also appears when the function of the herbal system in a baby is impaired, in case of viral-infectious illnesses.

It is difficult to overcome vagusity

Problems with the health of a woman with a child with wine (threat of pregnancy loss, acute chronic illness, infectious disease, fetal hypoxia) can also be linked to the formation of the child’s weakness to allergies. ї, atopies.

Illness, what should I do with my husband?

Most often, atopic dermatitis occurs in children due to concomitant illnesses of the thyroid gland:

• gastritis,
• helminthic infestations (div.,).

Other allergens

Cream of grub products, other household allergens, such as inhalation agents (saws, saws, house ticks, household chemicals, especially soap powders, rinses, cleaning products, etc. chlorine, fresh air), contact allergies (how to look after your baby), drugs, medicinal drugs, act as provocateurs of atopic dermatitis

How else do officials deal with the development of illnesses and their lingering illness?

• A relapse of childhood atopic dermatitis is caused by stress, psycho-emotional strain, and nervous overexcitation.
• Passive chicken flows into the fire of a healthy child and the body of the skin, among other things
• The current unfavorable environmental situation is a large amount of toxic waste in the wind, which can be seen in transport, industrial facilities, a large amount of chemically-treated grub products, and radiation-induced high background in some places, intense electromagnetic field in big places
• Seasonal weather changes that increase the risk of infectious diseases and stress on the immune system
• Physical exercises that are accompanied by significant sweating

Atopic forms of dermatitis arise from either unknown causes or, in aggregate, one after another, the more they are known, the more complex the form will manifest.

When atopic dermatitis develops in children, treatment may be complex and requires consultation with several physicians - a dermatologist, an allergist, a nutritionist, a gastroenterologist, an ENT doctor, a neuropsychiatrist.

What are the signs of atopic dermatitis?

Signs of illness in children include: eczema of the skin, which affects a wide range of areas of the body, mainly the neck, scalp, vaginal surfaces, and buttocks. In summer children and children, illness appears in the skin in the groin zone, groin area, on the surface of the legs and arms, as well as around the mouth, eyes, and on the neck - illness develops during the cold season Roku.

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis in a child with congestion can manifest themselves as seborrheic patches, which are accompanied by increased sebum, the appearance of yellow skin and peeling in the area of ​​the eyebrows, ears, neck, scalp, chest nyami on the face, mainly on the cheeks with a horny skin, liver, combs .

All symptoms are accompanied by loss of vagina and restless sleep of the baby. Often signs of illness are given in the early life of a child. Sometimes atopic dermatitis is accompanied by pyoderma (pustular skin lesions). The main symptoms of illness are:

For the chronic form of atopic dermatitis, characteristic manifestations include strengthening of the skin, thickening of the skin, the appearance of cracks, ridges, and pigmentation of the skin. In chronic atopic dermatitis, the following types of symptoms develop:

• Black and puffy feet, peeling and cracks on the skin are a symptom of winter foot.
• Deep wrinkles on the lower eyelids of children - this is Morgan's symptom
• Thin hair on the face is a symptom of a tricky hat

It is necessary to examine, analyze the origin of illness, its progress, the level of skin damage, as well as depression. Please be aware that some precautions may apply to children. The clinical picture lies with the age-old category of the child, and is characterized by its own peculiarity during each period of life.

Age of child	Show dermatitis	Typical localization
until midnight	Erythema on the cheeks on the basis of a milky scab, microvesicles and serous papules, erosions on the basis of a “serous well”, then peeling of the skin	Part of the scalp, ear, cheeks, forehead, chin, ends
0.5-1.5 rocks	Blackness, swelling, exudation (when the fire is on fire, one can see a number of different blood vessels)	Mucous membranes of the diaphragm, mucous membranes, thyroid membranes (eyes, nose, foreskin, vulva)
1.5-3 rocks	Dry skin, strong baby, thickened skin	Elbows, popliteal fossae, wrists, feet, neck
over 3 years old	Neurodermatitis, ichthyosis	Zginannya kintsivok (div.)

For children, dermatitis can occur in the form of:

• Seborrheic type - a small patch appears on the baby's head during the first stages of its life (div.).
• Nummular type - characterized by the appearance of milkweeds covered with scabs, appearing at 2-6 months of age. This type is localized on the ends, sits and cheeks of the child.

Up to 2 years of age, 50% of children show symptoms. In about half of children, the skin lesion is localized in the folds. This refers to the okrema form of sole lesions (juvenile puboplantar dermatosis) and dolon. In this form, seasonality plays an important role - the continued presence of symptoms of illness in the summer and heavy winters.

Atopic dermatitis in older children cannot be diagnosed due to other skin diseases, such as psoriasis, scabs, seborrheic dermatitis, microbial eczema, lichen erysipelas. . ), allergic contact dermatitis, Immunodeficiency stan.

Stages of development of atopic dermatitis

Significant stages, phases and periods of acute illness and important nutritional advice about therapeutic tactics for a short- or long-term program. There are 4 stages of illness:

• Cotal stage - develops in children with an exudative-catarrhal type of constitution. At this stage, there is characteristic hyperemia, swelling of the skin of the cheeks, and peeling. This stage, with immediate treatment with an early hypoallergenic child, is reversed. In case of inadequate or untimely treatment, it can go into the advanced (progressive) stage.
• The next stage is to go through the chronic and gastric phase of development. The chronic phase is characterized by a sequence of skin rashes. The acute phase of microvesiculation appears with the development of a small leaf and a crust.
• Remission stage – during the remission period, symptoms change and disappear completely. This stage can last for several years.
• Stage of clinical illness - at this stage, symptoms vary from 3 to 7 days a day, depending on the severity of illness.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis

In case of severe atopic dermatitis in children, treatment involves the use of topical corticosteroid drugs, together with softening agents. This will serve the Swedish government to relieve symptoms. Foul and soft tissues will stagnate during any period of illness. The meta-curiosity lies in the offensive:

• Change of overcoming illness
• Lower stage
• Control of illness for three hours

Indications before hospitalization of the child may be acute illness, which will result in the destruction of the body, recurrent infections, ineffectiveness of the therapy that is being carried out.

Non-drug treatment lies at approaches that are directly reduced to a minimum or turned off of all factors that provoked acute illness: contact, grub, inhalation, chemical agents, hypersweating, stress , factors of excess fluid, infections and microbial contamination, damage to the epidermis (hydrolipid sphere).

Medication-free treatment Atopic dermatitis in children is classified according to the period, stage and form of illness. An important life of the child, the area of ​​​​the affected skin and the development of other organs due to illness. The features of external stagnation and systemic action are distinguished. Systemic pharmacological drugs can be used as a complex or as a form of motor therapy, including the following groups of medications:

Antihistamines

There is currently insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of antihistamines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children. Drugs with a sedative effect (suprastin, tavegil) are prescribed for significant problems with sleep through persistent itching, as well as in case of dill weed (div.) or concomitant allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.

Among antihistamines for allergies today, the most important ones are 2nd and 3rd generation drugs, such as EODAC, Zyrtec, Erius - they have a prolonged action, do not cause drowsiness, squealing and are considered to be the most effective and safe, are produced in the form of both tablets and looks like syrups, rozchinivs, krapels (wonderful). The clinical effect of stagnation of these drugs is felt after a month, so the course of treatment can last at least 3-4 months.

However, for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, the effectiveness of antihistamines without sedation has not yet been proven and the need for their use is indicated by the doctor for clinical skin lesions. Also, the effectiveness of internal cromoglycic acid and ketotifen in atopic dermatitis has not been proven.

Antibiotics

The use of systemic antibiotics is justified solely for the confirmation of bacterial infection of the skin; however, the stagnation of antibacterial drugs is not permissible. Antibiotics and antiseptics are prescribed externally for infections of the skin with streptococci and staphylococci:

• Use antiseptics - Chlorhexidine, Fucaseptol, water peroxide, diamond green alcohol solution 1-2%, fucorcin
• Antibiotics – Bactroban ointment (mupirocin), Fucidin (fusidic acid), Levosin (levomycetin, sulfadimethoxin, methyluracil), neomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, lincomycin ointment, Levomikol (levomytsit)
• Xeroformna, dermatolova, furatsilinov ointment
• Argosulfan, Sulfargin, Dermazin
• Dioxidine ointment

You need to soak them 1-2 times a day. In cases of severe pyoderma, supplemental systemic antibiotics (div.) are prescribed. Before treatment with antibiotics, it is recommended to first assess the sensitivity of the microflora to most common drugs.

Systemic immunomodulatory therapy

Uncomplicated treatment of atopic dermatitis does not require the use of immunomodulators. Only after a thorough diagnosis, an allegrologist-immunologist can use immunomodulators in combination with standard local therapy when symptoms of dermatitis combine with signs of immune deficiency.

The problem with the use of immunostimulants and immunomodulators in children lies in the fact that close relatives are likely to have autoimmune illnesses (insulin-dependent autoimmune diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, diffuse toxic goiter, multiple sclerosis, vitiligo. ) or one-time use of immunomodulators may cause a debut autoimmune disease in a child. Therefore, due to the evidence of the child's slumping syndrome before autoimmune illness, it is not easy to get involved in immune processes, otherwise you may end up with hyperactivation of the immune system and the launch of immune aggression for healthy organs and tissues.

Vitamins and herbal medicines

Vitamins B15, B6 contribute to the increased effectiveness of bathing, which speeds up the process of renewal of function, the measles of the liver and gallstones, and speeds up the repair process in the skin. The resistance of membranes to toxic substances is improved, lipid oxidation is regulated, and the immune system is stimulated. However, in a child who is prone to allergies, vitamin complexes or vitamin complexes, as well as herbal medicines (medicinal herbs, herbs, infusions) can cause a violent allergic reaction, so Before the vitamins and herbs dry out, traces are placed with great care.

Medical specialties that innovate the work of ShCT

Drugs that renew or shorten the activity of the SCT are indicated in pediatric and acute periods of illness, with changes in the functioning of the herbal system. They are used using the method of enhanced etching, correction of damaged functions, such as Panzinorm, Pancreatin, Creon, Digestal, Enzistal, Festal, as well as medicinal products and hepatoprotectors: Hepabene, Allochol, corn extract mok, Khofitol, Lif 52, . The triviality of the celebration 2 years.

Antifungal and antiviral drugs

When the skin is affected by fungal infections, external antifungal agents are used in the form of creams: clotrimazole (Candida), natamycin (Pimafucin, Pimafucort), ketoconazole (Mikozoral, Nizoral), isoconazole (Travocort, herbogen). In case of existing herpetic infection, antiviral drugs are indicated (additional list).

Sanitation of spots of infection

It is important to remember about the treatment of concomitant illnesses, which is the sanitation of infection spots - in the sechostatal system, ducts, intestines, ENT organs, empty mouth. It is important to take antibacterial, keratoplasty, anti-inflammatory, and keratolytic drugs to protect the skin during the infection phase.

Anti-inflammatory effects of external congestion are divided into two groups: glucocorticoids, which act as a remedy, and non-hormonal effects.

Glucocorticoids– effective in chronic and acute forms of illness in children. In the interest of prevention, such creams are not used, but glucocorticosteroid ointments and creams are used strictly as prescribed by the doctor, in short courses, with further incremental use of the drug (see the list of all hormonal ointments in the statistics).

The unsafe and uncontrolled development of such conditions leads to the development of systemic side effects, suppressed functions of the measles of the epithelium, decreased local and inflammatory immunity, the development of skin atrophy, thinning, dryness skin, the appearance of secondary infections of the skin. Since you still can’t do without such strong features, you need to know the rules of their implementation:

• These values ​​are divided into: strong, moderate and weak activity. To treat atopic dermatitis in children, start with weakly concentrated hormonal drugs. The concentration can be increased only if the first step is ineffective or unless prescribed by a doctor.
• Any hormonal ointments are administered in short courses, then a break is taken and the dosage of the drug is reduced.
• If the disease is severely applied, the waist becomes weaker and a relapse of illness occurs.
• First, pour the pure cream, and when smoothly mixed, the required volume of cream or ointment is mixed 1/1 with baby cream, after 2 days of such hardening, the concentration decreases, and then 2 parts of baby cream. 1 part hormonal cream, after 2 days 3 parts child partly hormonal.
• If it is necessary to interfere with hormonal imbalances, it is necessary to change the drug to contain another hormone.
• To remove the puffiness - apply Vikorist cream at night, to remove the plaques - lie.

Non-hormonal - For minor manifestations of dermatitis, antihistamines are prescribed (Finistil gel 0.1%, Gistan, div.). Other creams include Vitamin F 99, Elidel, Radevit (div.).

• Ridina Burova – aluminum acetate
• Radevit - fat-rich vitamins
• ASD paste and ointment
• Zinc ointments and mouths - Tsindol, Desitin
• Birch tree
• ICTHIOL Ointment
• Naftaderm – naftalan nafta linement
• Fenistil gel
• Keratolan ointment – ​​sechovina
• NPZZ (div.)

It is also effective for atopic dermatitis to treat with creams and ointments with healing powers, which will enhance the regeneration and trophism of tissues:

• Dexpanthenol - creams and sprays Panthenol, Bepanten
• Gel Curiosin (Zinc hyaluronate)
• Solcoseryl - ointments and creams, gels with hemoderivative of calf blood
• Methyluracil ointment (also an immunostimulant)
• Radevit, Videstim (retinol palmitate, vitamin A)
• Cream "Power of the Forest" with Floralizin is a very effective cream for any skin ailments - eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, herpes, for dry skin that cracks. Floralizin contains a complex of natural biologically active substances - an extract from fungal mycelium, containing enzymes with collagenase activity, vitamins, minerals, phospholipids. Warehouse: floralizin, vaseline, pentol, perfume, sorbic acid.

Among immunomodulators you can see cream-gel. Thymogen, yogo vykoristannya mozhlivhe liche for the doctor’s confessions.

Diet for treatment of atopic dermatitis in children

During the early years of childhood, bathing plays an important role, especially among children. Based on the forecast of illness, it is necessary to turn off products that will remove the allergen. In the first years of life, children may be sensitive to cow's milk proteins, eggs, gluten, cereals, peas, citrus fruits (div.). If you are allergic to cow's milk, you can use soy mixtures: Frisosa, Nutrilak soya, Alsa.

In case of allergic reactions to soy proteins and in important forms of grub allergy, it is necessary to take hypoallergenic drugs: Pregestimil, Nutramigen, Alphari (Nestlé).

Introducing a new product into the skin may be recommended with a doctor, no more than 1 product per day and in small portions. It is necessary to include products that cause allergies in children if their intolerance is confirmed (you can do a blood test for a specific allergen).

Physiotherapy

It is indicated in acute illness and the period of remission of illness and includes:

• In the host period - electrosleep, stagnation of the magnetic field, carbon baths;
• At the hour of remission - balneotherapy.

Outside of life, based on clinical data, it occurs in 17-30% of patients, and children suffer from illness through the course of everyday life.

Were it a dad of a gisipanny on the nіzhniy shkiri of our ditok, ale is not an illy festivals of Rosumiyut, Shkira-the "izindicator" of the one, the same, especially, especially, Yakshcho of the Alergychyna Visipka.

During an unfavorable environmental situation, allergic illnesses in children become more frequent. And our goal is to prevent the child from developing an allergy as much as possible, and if it does appear, then work in such a way as to increase the period of remission of illness. It’s not for nothing that it seems that the child has “outgrown” the allergy, but, unfortunately, this will never happen again.

Well, our article is dedicated to atopic dermatitis, the most common allergic disease in children.

Atopic dermatitis– this is a genetically long-standing allergic illness, which may be a chronic illness and is characterized by the appearance of a specific rash on the skin due to an inherited immune system due to external and internal factors.

Atopic dermatitis is often associated with other allergic illnesses:

• allergic rhinitis,



• respiratory polynoses



• hay fever and so on.

Literature, domestic and international can also have differences other names atopic dermatitis:

• exudative or allergic diathesis,



• atopic eczema,


• constitutional eczema,


• diagnosis of prurigo,


• the smell of beignets and others.

A little bit of statistics! Atopic dermatitis is a disease that most often occurs in children. In some European countries, the prevalence of this disease reaches 30% of all children who are ill, and more than 50% of all allergic patients. And in the structure of all skin diseases, atopic dermatitis occupies the eighth position in frequency in the world.

A bunch of cool facts!

• Atopia and allergy- after all, there are two massacres. People are allergic to everything in life and it is blamed on the same allergen (or a number of allergens), usually in small doses. Atopy is due to a wider “range” of allergens, so the factors that cause atopy may change, and the immune response may also change depending on the dose to the allergen (with small doses of the allergen atopy). I may not get divorced at all). With atopy, fathers often say: “My child is allergic to everything...”.

  Exogenous allergies– allergens that can be eliminated from Dovkill are:

  • Biological(bacterial and viral infections, helminths, fungi, vaccines and others).
  • Likarski allergies (any medicine).
  • Kharchovi allergens (either a product containing protein or hapten).
  • Pobutovi allergies (drink, chemicals, cosmetics, clothes, etc.).
  • Alergeni of the creature and roslinnogo walk(Cut file, magnifying glass and wool from animals, mosquitoes, scraped off mosquitoes, snakes, etc.).
  • Promislov allergens (varnishes, metals, gasoline, etc.),
  • Physical factors(Advancement and reduction of temperature, mechanical injection).
  • Negative climate change on the child’s skin (dryness, sun, frost, wind).
  Endogenous allergies. When normal cells are damaged, stench can be recognized as “foreign” and become endogenous allergens. In this case, the body develops autoimmune disease(Whether it is important to leak, or chronic, and require extensive treatment, or even long-term). The role of endogenous allergens is also played by atopic and puffy cells.

  Behind the chemical warehouse, allergens are divided into:

  • Antigeni- white speech,
  • Gapteni- low-molecular compounds, which are often found in artificially created chemical compounds, when released into the blood, bind to proteins and become allergens.
  
  

  How the allergen is absorbed into the child’s body

  • most often with the hedgehog,
  • through wild roads,
  • contact through the skin, as well as with bites from comas, rodents,
  • parenterally with injections of medications and blood components.

  What is the most common cause of atopic dermatitis in children?

  
  • Cow's milk proteins
  • Fish and other seafood
  • Wheat boroshon
  • Beans: kvass, peas, soybeans, cocoa, etc.
  • Some fruits: peach, apricot, citrus, etc.
  • Vegetables: carrots, beets, tomatoes etc.
  • Berries: hazelnuts, raspberries, currants, etc.
  • Health products: honey, propolis, honey sawdust
  • Malt
  • Meat: chicken, pitching, cowhide
  • Increased salt, zucchini and spices may cause an allergic reaction
  • Antibiotics of the penicillin (amoxiclav, augmentin, bicilin) ​​and tetracycline (tetracycline, doxycycline) series
  The development of atopic dermatitis can be caused by any allergen from household, medicinal, chemical, animal and industrial groups of allergens. But in children, food allergies are still more important.

  The role of sensitization of the skin is also important for infections, especially fungi, staphylococci, streptococci. With atopic dermatitis, pathogenic flora may be added, which will aggravate skin manifestations.

  Pathogenesis of the development of atopic dermatitis

  1. Klitini Langerhans(Dendritic cells) are found in the epidermis, and they place receptors on their surface for immunoglobulin E. These receptors are specific for the development of atopic dermatitis itself and daily for other types of allergies.
  
  
  2. At worms with antigen Langerhans cells connect with it and deliver their T-lymphocytes, which differentiate and absorb the created immunoglobulin E.
  
  
  3. Immunoglobulin E fixate on dangerous cells and basophils.
  
  
  4. Re-exposure to the allergen lead to activation of immunoglobulin E and the suppression of nonspecific factors of protection (histamine, serotonin, etc.). Tse late phase of the allergic reaction, manifests itself in the acute period of allergies
  
  
  5. Enhanced allergy phase All types of leukocytes (especially eosinophils) and macrophages directly contribute to immunoglobulin E, to the tissues of the epidermis. Clinically, the process begins a chronic process in the appearance of ignition processes in the skin.
  Any atopic process changes the number of T-lymphocytes and the proliferation of immunoglobulins, which leads to a decrease in susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections.

  Tsikavo! In children with immunodeficiency conditions, allergies are practically not detected. This is due to the lack of immune cells for the full-blown allergic type.

  Symptoms of atopic dermatitis

  The clinical picture of atopic dermatitis is varied, depending on the age, severity and severity of illness, the extent of the process.

  Separate flow periods atopic dermatitis:

  1. Hostry period (“debut” of atopy),
  2. Remission (various clinical manifestations, which can last for months or sometimes),
  3. relapse period.

  Symptom	Vinication mechanism	How to appear
  Eritema	Under the infusion of nonspecific protection factors, capillary vessels expand to enhance the “delivery of immune cells” at the source of the fire.	Black skin, appearance of capillary mesh.
  Sverblyachka	The cause of itching in atopic dermatitis is not completely understood. Possible reasons: dryness of the skin and erythema lead to increased sensitivity of the skin, Miscellaneous items (synthetic clothing, cosmetics, powder from clothing fibers, temperature factor, etc.), the reaction of the nerves and skin to the great number of immune cells,	Atopic dermatitis is almost always accompanied by severe itching. The baby's skin begins to sag, and the skin begins to dry out. Many patients with aphids become agitated and aggressive.
  Dry skin	Dry skin occurs through changes in keratids, lipids and amino acids, which are responsible for healthy skin. The process of burning the skin burns the skin, which vibrates the lipids of the skin.	Dribble peeling on the changed and unchanged sections of the skin.
  Visipannya	Visipannya appears through the burning process of the skin. Erythema and dryness reduce the dry function of the skin due to infection. When itching and other mechanical parts of the skin become infected, vesicles, pustules and cracks appear.	Localization of visipka. They can be found on any part of the skin, the “favorite” place in children – cheeks, lateral surfaces of the ends, physiological folds of the skin, scalp, behind the ears (scrofula). In adults, atopic dermatitis is most often localized on the hands. Elements of visipki: splashing - reds of irregular shape, moknennya, daddies– slight thickening of the skin in a different color, vesicles- small bulbs with a sparse mixture, pustules– lighten with rotten place (rot), picks form over the pustule, plaques – I combine several elements into one, scars and pigmentation may be lost after the pustules have sunk due to chronic skin processes.
  Lichenification	They appear as a result of dry itching and skin scratching during dry and severe illness.	Reinforcement of all skin balls.
  Damage to the nervous system	Action of histamine, serotonin and other non-specific factors of immunity on the central and autonomic nervous system. The borer is very happy	Grumpiness, aggression, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, etc.
  Increased level of immunoglobulin E in the blood	During the hour of an allergic reaction, a high amount of immunoglobulin E develops from dangerous cells and basophils. In rich clinical episodes, atopy of immunoglobulin E rises in the blood , alecey symptom is non-visceral.	Laboratory investigation of venous blood serum Immunoglobulin E – normal: up to 165.3 MO/ml. With atopic dermatitis, the level of immunoglobulin in the blood can increase up to 10-20 times.

  Photo of a child suffering from atopic dermatitis. There is erythema, dryness, vesicles, pustules, scabs and permanent pigmentation on the skin of the baby.
  
  Photo of the hands of a child who has suffered from atopic dermatitis for a long time. On the external surfaces of the hands there are symptoms of lichenification and pigmentation.
  
  The course of atopic dermatitis is:

  • Gostrius- Presence of swelling, erythema, swelling, papules and vesicles,
  • Pidgostre- The appearance of pustules, pick and peeling,
  • Chronic- peeling lesions become more pronounced, with the appearance of lechenification and pigmentation.
  The older the child, the more important they may develop atopic dermatitis, but with effective treatment and prevention of relapses, with age, the symptoms become rarer or may go away altogether.

  Although atopic dermatitis does not go away until the age of 5, it accompanies a person almost all of life. However, in adults over 40 years of age, atopic dermatitis rarely disappears.

  As atopic dermatitis progresses, "atopic march" to add to dermatitis other atopic illnesses (bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, etc.).

  Forms of atopic dermatitis in the area of ​​the eyelid:

  • Child form (age to 3 years)
  • Child form (ages 3 to 12)
  • Sublime form (age 12 to 18)
  • The form has matured (over 18 years of age).
  The older the patient, the larger the area of ​​atopic dermatitis, the stronger the severity of itching, damage to the nervous system, and there is pigmentation and lichenification.

  The baby has a photo childhood form of atopic dermatitis, mild stage(Erythema, dryness, dusty patches and pimples on the skin of the cheeks).
  
  Photo of an adult who suffers from a severe form of atopic dermatitis. On the skin, against the background of pigmentation, there is a polymorphic visip with wet, scratchy and signs of lechenification.
  
  Non-specific symptoms that may occur with atopic dermatitis:

  • "Geographical language"- Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the tongue. The mova is bright red with plots of white rinds (these are mucous cells) that have been seen, which will remind you of the geographical map.
  • White dermographism when streaked with a stick in the area of ​​the damaged skin, a white tan appears, which is preserved by pulling several strands. This symptom develops through spasm of capillaries as a result of histamine.
  • Armchair folds of the lower limb(Denier - Morgan folds), knitted with dry skin.
  • "Atopic valleys" - dark valleys or a strong baby of the linear valley, knitted with dry skin.
  • Pigment patches, They are saved after visiping, they are sharpened in important forms of atopic dermatitis. Its appearance is associated with an important burning process of the skin, as a result of which a large number of melanocytes (the cells of the skin that contain pigment) are generated for combustion.
  • Atopic cheilitis - If you get into pockets in your mouth, they are a result of dry skin and infection.
  Photo: geographical language
  
  Photo: atopic valleys
  

  Diagnosis of allergic dermatitis.

  Consultation with an allergist with the appearance of a sore throat on the child's body after consultation with a pediatrician. If necessary, you can consult a dermatologist.

  Diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis:

  1. Family history- Detection of allergic illnesses in close relatives.
  
  
  2. History of illness:
     • chronic overrunning,
     • debut of the first symptoms in a child,
     • the appearance of symptoms of illness after the child has been exposed to allergens,
     • sickness to lie in wait for the season of fate,
     • As you age, your illness will become more pronounced,
     • the presence of other allergic diseases in the child (bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, etc.).
     
     
  3. Ditini's look:
     • The presence of erythema, dry skin and itching (in the child form may not appear) are oblique symptoms of atopic dermatitis.
     • polymorphic (multiple) visip,
     • localization of visipka on the outer surfaces of the ends above the great angles.
     • the presence of lechenification, scratching,
     • signs of a bacterial and fungal secondary infection of the skin. The most important bacterial complications are herpetic infections.
     • Non-specific symptoms of atopic dermatitis (white dermographism, “geographical” language and other more common symptoms).
  The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis can be made based on family history, history of illness, the presence of redness, dryness and itching of the skin, as well as the presence of any other signs of atopic dermatitis.

  Laboratory diagnosis of atopic dermatitis

  
  1. Blood test for immunoglobulin E (Ig E).

     For this analysis, venous blood is taken. This is an immunochemiluminescent type of investigation.

     Blood must be donated directly, first turn off oily skin, turn off contact with allergens, and start taking antihistamines. The drug Phenytoin (diphenine) is an anti-epileptic drug that injects rhubarb Ig E.

     In atopic dermatitis, elevated levels of immunoglobulin E are detected. The higher the level of Ig E, the more pronounced the clinical picture.

     Normal: 1.3 – 165.3 MO/ml.

  2. External blood test:
     • Poor increase in the number of leukocytes (over 9 G/l)
     • Eosinophilia – the level of eosinophils is over 5% of dry leukocytes
     • Accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate – over 10 mm/year,
     • A small amount of basophils was detected (up to 1 – 2%).
  3. Immunogram – the significance of the indicators of the main lines of immunity:
     • Reduced level of serum interferon (norm: 2 to 8 MO/l)
     • Reduced level of T-lymphocytes (norm CD4 18-47%, CD8 9-32%, CD3 50-85% of all lymphocytes, norms may vary depending on the eyelid)
     • Reduced levels of immunoglobulins A, M, G (Ig A norm – 0.5 – 2.0 g/l, Ig M norm 0.5 – 2.5 g/l, Ig G 5.0 – 14.0 norms may vary carefully from time to time)
     • Increase in the level of circulating immune complexes (norm up to 100 mental units).
  4. The latest types of tests are necessary not only for diagnosing atopic dermatitis, but also for assessing the health of the body and identifying possible causes for the development of atopic dermatitis.
  
  

  Biochemical blood analysis In atopic dermatitis, the following may indicate impaired liver function:

  • Elevation of transaminases (AlT, AST)
  • advancement of thymol test,
  • increase in serum level and creatinine and other.
  Zagalny analysis of the section in atopic dermatitis it changes due to impaired function of the skin (appearance of protein, movement of salts, leukocyturia).

  Fecal analysis (culture and microscopy on eggs/worms). Since atopic dermatitis can develop from aphid dysbacteriosis and helminthic infestations, it is important to identify and treat illnesses to prevent relapses of atopy.

  Blood test for VIL To make a differential diagnosis, patients with SNID often exhibit similar skin symptoms associated with infections, fungi and viruses.

  Laboratory diagnosis of the causes of atopic dermatitis (allergy tests).

  Allergen tests are recommended for children aged 4 years and older. Therefore, until almost every age, atopic dermatitis develops as a result of improper introduction of new products, overeating, and underdevelopment of the intestinal tract. In children up to 4–5 years of age, allergen tests can show a reaction to almost all food products.

  Skin tests for allergies in vivo based on the allergen applied to the skin in a small quantity and low concentration and a significant increase in the activity of the immune system in response to the allergen.

  When an allergen comes into contact with the skin, an immune response appears in the form of a local reaction (redness, infiltration, vesicle).

  Where to spend? These tests should be carried out in outpatient or hospital settings, most importantly in allergy centers.

  Advantages:

  • more accurate method, lower significance of allergens in blood syringes
  • affordable cheap method
  Nedoliky:
  • The body still sticks to the allergen; such contact, in case of severe allergy, can lead to severe illness.
  • In one investigation, you can test for a limited number of allergens (the average number is 5), and for children under 5 years of age – no more than two.
  • Pain and discomfort may occur during the procedure.
  Preparation before skin testing:
  • The test is carried out during the period of remission of atopic dermatitis (the number of symptoms lasts for 2-3 days).
  • You cannot take anti-allergic drugs (antihistamines, hormonals) for at least 5 days.
  • Before carrying out tests, it is better to avoid a hypoallergenic diet, do not use cosmetics or medicinal ointments.
  Contraindicated before skin tests:
  • century up to 4-5 years (before this age, the immune system is still forming and cannot respond adequately to the allergen).
  • suffering from severe allergies (anaphylactic shock, Laela's illness)
  • severe beating of diabetes
  • acute infectious and viral illnesses
  • Pregnancy of chronic illnesses.
  The technique is based on skin samples:
  • Prick test. On the skin of the forearm, apply allergen dotted over the skin, then make a superficial puncture (up to 1mm). The result will cost 15 rubles. If a reaction to the allergen is evident, redness, infiltration, and vesicle (bulb) should be avoided at the injection site.
  • Speckled or applied adhesive tests(Performed in severe cases of allergies, in which case the skin prick test may indicate an attack of bronchial asthma or anaphylaxis). The applique can be fused onto the skin for a length of 30 strands. Whether or not the redness indicates an immune response to the allergen.
  • Scarification test similar to the butt, except that it is not a puncture, but a shallow cut with a scarifier.
  • Internal samples carry out identification of infectious allergens. Internal tests in children are not associated with the risk of developing anaphylaxis.
  Evaluation of skin samples: negative reaction - no reaction,
  • Doubtful reaction up to 2 mm,
  • Positive - redundancy, infiltration ranging from 3 to 12 mm,
  • Hyperergic - either a skin reaction measuring over 12 mm or manifesting an allergy (bronchial asthma attack, anaphylaxis, etc.).

  Identification of specific immunoglobulins G to allergens in vitro.

  For laboratory testing for allergies, venous blood is obtained.

  Advantages:

  • Duration of contact of the body with the allergen
  • it is possible to determine the level of hypersensitivity
  • It is possible to detect hypersensitivity to an unlimited number of allergens
  • the ability to conduct investigations regardless of the presence of allergy symptoms.
  Nedoliky:
  • less accurate method, lower skin tests
  • the method is not cheap.
  Have allergens group at laboratories behind tablets. It’s easy, it’s not obligatory to pay for the investigation for drinking, since the child has a grub allergy or inadvertently.
  The skin testing laboratory has a varied set of allergens, but the main groups (tablets) are:
  • food allergens
  • allergeni roslinnogo pohodzhennya
  • Alergeni of the creature's gait
  • medicinal facilities
  • Pobotovy allergies.
  
  

  
  Preparation before the analysis:

  • You cannot take anti-allergic drugs (antihistamines, hormonals) for at least 5 days.
  • Avoid contact with allergens.
  Positive result an allergen is insured when immunoglobulin G specific to the allergen is detected.

  Treatment of atopic dermatitis

  
  • When treating atopic dermatitis, it is important to take a comprehensive approach.
  • Above all, it is necessary to eliminate (eliminate) allergies from diet (dietotherapy) and life,
  • local skin care,
  • systematic (zagalne) likuvannya.
  Treatment of atopic dermatitis is directed directly at:
  • changes and dryness of the skin, itching,
  • renewing the water-lipid ball and normal skin function,
  • renewal of damaged epithelium,
  • prevention and treatment of secondary skin infections.
  Principles of external therapy:
  1. Insert destructive factors: cut your nails short, cleanse your skin with a neutral cleanser, and remove any other cosmetic needs.
  2. Vikoristannya anti-inflammatory, keratolytic and keratoplastic pastes, ointments, balachok (indifferent parts of the combined action).
  3. Before applying creams and ointments, skin areas can be cleaned antiseptic methods(Rose of diamond green, chlorhexidine, fucorcin, water rose of blue, etc.).
  4. In case of atopic dermatitis, it is recommended to take ovarian vicinity topical hormones (glucocorticoids).
     It is necessary to start with drugs with a low concentration that penetrate the skin (class I and II), if the therapeutic effect is not achieved, switch to strong topical hormones with a large penetrating effect. Topical hormones of class IV (dermovate, chalciderm, galcinonide) for children do not have any serious side effects.
     Due to the widespread irrational use of glucocorticoids in the past, which led to the development of side effects, many people have a fear of vicarious hormones. However, with proper administration of glucocorticoids, side effects of a systemic nature do not occur.
  5. In case of evidence of a secondary bacterial infection, it is recommended to take hormonal drugs antibacterial foreign drugs. For a fungal infection, use external antimycotic drugs (clotrimazole, ifenek, exifin, nizoral toto), for herpetic infection, use antiviral drugs (herpevir, acyclovir).
  Current Wikoristannya combination drugs(hormone + antibiotic), which is widely represented in the pharmacy market.

  The action of external interests must be laid to rest as a medicinal form.

  1. Ointment It has the best penetrating effect and lubricates the skin. Ointments are effective for acute and chronic atopic dermatitis.
  2. Oily ointment(Advantan) has the strongest penetrating effect. Suffer from chronic dermatitis.
  3. Cream weaker, lower ointment, effective for acute and progressive dermatitis.
  4. Emulsions, lotions and gels It’s easy to vikorist, but the stench may dry out the product. A hand-made shape for the skin of the scalp. Use for acute atopy.
  5. Lotions, dispensers, mouth aerosols- Vikorist only in case of hot flow.
  Types of drugs for external treatment of atopic dermatitis in children

  Group of drugs	Likuvalny effect	A drug	Medicine form	Method of curing
  Topical hormones*	Glucocorticosteroids are a universal anti-allergic drug. The main effect of topical hormones is a decrease in the activity of immune cells in people who are inflamed. Effects of treatment with topical hormones: there's a fire, susunennya itching, changes in skin proliferation, ship-sound power, prevention of lichenification and scarring.	1st class hydrocortisone ointment	ointment	All topical hormones are applied carefully with a thin ball of a poultice. Hydrocortisone ointment is applied 3 times a day, the course of treatment is up to 1 month. Suitable for children up to 6 months of age.
  		II class Lokoid(hydrocortisone butyrate)	ointment	1-3 times a day, treatment course up to 1 month.
  		Afloderm(Alclomethasone dipropionate)	ointment cream	1-3 times a day, course up to 1 month.
  		III class Advantan(methylprednisolone aceponate)	ointment, cream, emulsion, fatty ointment	1 time per day, course up to 1 month.
  		Elokom(mometosone furoate)	ointment, cream, lotion	1 time per dose. Children are not allowed until they are 2 years old!
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	Selective inhibitor of synthesis and suppression of inflammation mediators.	Elidel(pimecrolimus)	cream	2 times per dose, a course of treatment until you get tired, a powerful trivaly (up to 1 dose). Recommendations for children over 3 months.
  Combined glucocorticoids *	Take a glucocorticoid, antibiotic, antifungal agent. There may be an anti-inflammatory effect in case of secondary infection.	Pimafukort(hydrocortisone, neomycin, natomycin)	ointment, cream	2-4 times per dose, course up to 1 month
  		Sibicort(hydrocortisone butyrate, chlorhexidine)	ointment	1-3 r/extra.
  		Triderm(betamethasone, gentamicin, clotrimazole)	ointment, cream	2 r/dobu, course up to 1 month.
  		Celestoderm-B(betamethasone, gentamicin)	ointment	1-2 r/dobu, course up to 1 month.
  Individual features of the combined action	There may be a weak anti-inflammatory effect, there may be keratolytic and keratoplasty effects.	Zinc preparations Cosmetics have proven themselves well in pediatric practice. Skin-Cap	Solutions, creams, ointments, emulsions, formulations	You can use it as a wipe, compress and lotion depending on the severity of the illness.
  		Salicylic acid	Mixtures, creams, ointments
  		Panthenol	Cream, emulsion, ointment etc.
  		Sechowa acid	Creams, ointments, boosters
  		Ridina Burova	rozchin
  		tannin	rozchin
  		Preparations for medicine	Creams, ointments, emulsions, solutions
  Antihistamines from foreign countries	Blocker of histamine receptors of dangerous cells and basophils. It has a sonic effect, removes stains and darkened skins.	Fenistil(dimetinden)	gel	2-4 times per dose until completely cool
  		Psilo-balm(diphenhydramine hydrochloride)	gel	Apply with a thin ball 3-4 times onto the fire until it starts to burn.
  Malicious cosmetics	Skin replacement for skin growth and renewal of skin tissue	Mustella, Atoderm et al.	Milo, cream, spray, lotion, gel, mousse.	Vikorist as a matter of good skin hygiene.

  
  *Topical hormones and antibacterial agents for external congestion in this table are presented by drugs that are found to be safest in medicated children over 6 months of age.

  Medicinal drugs for halal treatment

  Group of drugs	Action mechanism	A drug	Method of curing
  Antihistamines	Blockers of histamine receptors of dangerous cells and basophils. They may be anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory. Side effects - on the central nervous system. With the new generation of antihistamines, there are fewer side effects on the central nervous system.	1st generation Fenistil(speckles, tab.)	For children aged 1 month before birth, 3-10 drops. 1-3 rocks – 10-15 drops, 4-12 rocks 15-20 caps, over 12 days 20-40 caps. 3 times a day.
  		Suprastin(table, details for injections)	For children over 1 year of age. Injections are possible for children under the age of 1, under the supervision of a doctor. 1-6 days - ¼ - ½ tab. 2-3 r/dobu, 6-14 rocks - ½ - 1 tab. 3 r/extract.
  		Diazolin(tab.)	Children aged 2 to 5 years, 50-150 mg per dose, 5-10 days -100-200 mg per dose, over 10 years of age - 100-300 mg per dose. in 2-3 doses.
  		2nd generation Desloratadine syrup, tab. (Erius, claritin, loratadine)	Children from 1 to 12 years of age - 5 mg, over 12 years of age - 10 mg 1 dose.
  		3rd generation astemizole	Vik 12 days - 10 mg, 6-12 days 5 mg, 2 to 6 days 0.2 mg/kg body weight, 1 time per day. Treatment course – up to 7 days.
  Membrane stabilizing drugs	Cross the exit of the fire streams from the walls. Є take a safe group of anti-allergic drugs.	Ketotifen (zaditen)	Over 3 years of age – 1 mg 2 times a day. The course of treatment is not less than 3 months, the administration of the drug is continued.

  
  In particularly important cases, systemic glucocorticoids may be administered under the supervision of a physician.

  In case of severe purulent processes on the skin, it is possible to take antibiotic therapy.
  Suitable for daily use of vitamins A, E, group B, and calcium supplements.

  Is hospitalization required for treatment of atopic dermatitis?

  In most cases, treatment of atopic dermatitis does not require hospitalization, but severe, widespread forms of illness have no effect on standard therapy, for the evidence of other atopic diseases. Illness (bronchial asthma) may require hospitalization to relieve the acute period and obtain adequate treatment.

  Diet for atopic dermatitis.

  Principles of dietotherapy:
  • turn off the product that is most likely to indicate allergies, history and allergy tests;
  • turn off products that reduce potential allergies (half-wheat, citrus fruits, beans, chocolate, seafood, honey, etc.);
  • turn off lubricated, fatty, bitter, salted, meat and fish broth;
  • minimum salt and turmeric;
  • Drink no more purified water;
  • in case of allergy to cow's milk protein and breastfeeding in children under 1 year of age - transfer to soy mixtures or mixtures with split protein;
  • Be careful when introducing complementary foods.
  This elimination period is indicated by the term 3 months to 1 month.

  Prevention of atopic dermatitis in children

  Photo: godvannya breastdu. Malyukov is so tasty and so colorful!
  

  May your children be healthy again!