The victories of Shah Abbas 1. Shah Abbas the Great and the Kazakh palaces of Isfahan

It seems that Shah Abbas, dressed as a lookout, went for a walk to the place with his vizier’s escort. Talking to each other about the sovereign's affairs, the stinks stopped on the outskirts of the place and began to chatter: in a small field, an orach was destroying two buffaloes and digging up the stony ground. Just before the furrow is cleared, it loudly splashes in the valley and begins to dance. Those same poor orach will work when you reach the end of the field.

Shah Abbas long and painstakingly followed the turns of the orach and marveled to the depths of his soul.

-What kind of performance is this? - having drunk the vizier, pointing with his hand at the orach’s side. - Are you understanding, dear Vizier?

The vizier thought about the diet of the ruler and the soldiers:

- Chancellor Shah Abbas, perhaps, his orach has no home turbos. If you marvel at his work and dance, you can earn money, so that you will be pleased with your squad.

“Treba tse z’yasuvati,” said Shah Abbas. - Go and tell him that I will ask you to visit him with his squad.

- I listen and obey! - said the vizier, going to the orach and conveying the order of Shah Abbas to him.

When the king and the vizier walked away from the place, the orach thought: “I am a poor orach. From morning until night I pull behind the heavy plow and know only the earth and the same poor people as myself. And what kind of controversy could there be between me and Shah Abbas, so that he would ask such a hungry person like me to visit him? O Almighty, that hour has come!”

“What’s the call, we need to go,” he said and huddled behind the plow.

In the evening, when the crowd had come to the conclusion, the squad ran out on the alert, took his khurjun from his hands, sat down and walked straight to the house. At the room, she took his brusque charms, washed his feet and affectionately asked him to sit at the table, where the chastisement was already lying ready. Having had dinner, he kissed the woman and said:

- My soul, our lord, the great Shah Abbas, asked us to be his guest. Go get dressed.

“Good, my dear,” said the squad and immediately began to climb in.

And the poor orach and his beautiful squad are already crawling the streets of the great place. Almost the entire path to the palace was blocked by a river. The orach lifted the squad in his arms and, with great care, carried them to the other bank.

The guards rushed at them with their broad fingers. The stinks were in the air and the army was led to the shah's chambers, where the king walked among his three squads.

Having treated the guests, Shah Abbas greeted them with a kind smile, called to himself and seated them on soft pillows. When the orach and his squad sat down, they asked:

- Dear speaker, tell me, why do you cheerfully and loudly walk and dance in the valley during the hour of work in your field?

“Oh, the noble Shah Abbas,” he said, “I say to him that I have a calm soul for my beautiful squad and the order in the house.” If I’m at the field, I know for sure that my squad is always busy with the right: mending clothes, washing clothes, preparing dinner, and in the evenings sitting at home and patiently checking for my return from work. Why don’t I dance cheerfully in the valley and dance, seeing such a reasonable and practical squad?

“Very good, dear orach,” said Shah Abbas. “This time, leave your squad in the palace, and then take three of my small squads with you.” You are with them, dear orach, if we beat merrily in the valley and dance on the cob and at the end of the furrow.

The poor orach closed his eyes and thought: “What about three squads? How can I alone keep these wives alive? Is the great Shah now separating me from my good and practical squad? Even though he was a poor orator, he didn’t dare to tell his master his super-intelligent thoughts. The first axis of the army took possession of three of the Shah's squads and headed home. From the very river, he saw on his shoulders the first squad of Shah Abbas and those who were walking towards the water. When you reach the middle of the river with an important tractor, you sharply murmur and sternly ask the woman:

- Oh, first squad of Shah Abbas, why did the king part with you so easily? If you tell the truth, you will live, if you get lost, you will sink to the bottom!

The first squad of Shah Abbas shouted and said:

– Everything is dashing through my language. There’s no way I can get past him. All day long I walk with my finger and don’t let anyone get away with one word, and I myself chatter without fail. At such an hour, more evil words fly out of my mouth than good ones.

- Oh, villainous! - the orach vibrated. - With mine like yours, it’s important to get used to it. Go, unfortunately, to the bottom of the river! Let the ribi fight you!

And the first squad of Shah Abbas did not gasp, as they stumbled over the gurgling river vira. And a strong current took her down and carried her to an unknown place.

The other squads of Abbas Shah saw this picture and, out of fear, hunkered down one to one.

And the orach made it to the shore, carrying the squad of Shah Abbas on his shoulders and carrying him to the river. Having reached the middle of the river, he paused and hurriedly asked the woman:

- Oh, friend of the squad of Shah Abbas, why did the king part with you so easily? If you tell the truth, you will live; if you lie, you will reach the river fish!

The squad of Shah Abbas shouted and said:

- The whole trouble is that I secretly lived with the king from the Kohan.

- Oh, villainous! - the orach vibrated. - You did something wrong, but your mistakes can be corrected. Live and hello!

Having climbed with the woman to the far bank, lowering them onto the sand and pishov behind the third squad of Shah Abbas. And she stood there in the sleep and trembled with her whole body. The orach walked up to her, calling her onto his shoulders and leading her to the water. Having reached the middle of the river, he paused and hurriedly asked the woman:

- Oh, third squad of Shah Abbas, why did the king separate from you so easily? If you tell the truth, you will live; if you lie, you will ruin the river’s kingdom!

The third squad of Shah Abbas shouted and said:

- The whole trouble is that I am dishonest: I often stole pennies from the master and spent money on a rainy day.

- Oh, the villain! - the orach vibrated. - You did something wrong, but it’s not important to correct your mistakes. Live and hello!

Call the two wives home and say:

- By the will of the Almighty and Shah Abbas himself, I am your rightful person. This house and everything that is in this new one belongs to me and to you. As you, friend of Shah Abbas's squad, have given away the Kohant, expect death before my hands! And you, the third squad of Shah Abbas, if you cannot live without stealing, blame yourself. The pennies lie next to this slimy box that stands by the counter, and in the future they will lie there forever. You can use them as much as you want, but screw them: from now on all the waste will lie on your shoulders. Do you understand, my beloved wives?

A large number of troops of Shah Abbas said at once:

- I understand, dear speaker! We are so afraid that you punish us.

He stood up early, slept and went to work. And in the evening, when they returned home, the women washed their feet, wiped them with a towel and sat them at the table, on which lay the hot relish of the chastisement.

So days after days passed, year after year. The third squad of Shah Abbas, who had previously stolen money from their master, seemed to think: “If the poor orach trusts me to spend all the money around the house, then why am I going to steal?” And a friend of Shah Abbas’s squad, who was secretly living with a Kohan, also thought: “Is it a good idea to change the Kohan’s mother, since my orach is a good man?”

The resentful women, who did not agree with each other, fell in love with the orach, and became a man sent by the Almighty himself.

Let's talk to these women for an hour in peace, because I want to tell you about Shah Abbas.

At the same hour, when the poor orach left the palace and left his three squads, Shah Abbas called out to the vizier in the throne room and said:

- Choose a summer female servant for the oracha squad, and let her live in the same room as the oracha squad. Just don’t forget to tell her that day and night she won’t dare to deprive her lady of herself, because if there’s a squad there, she’ll leave at the door. The servant of the crops is asked to inform me immediately if you want to try to portray her as a lady.

Seven months have passed. I suppose Shah Abbas said to the vizier:

- Let’s go to the outskirts of the place and check on the speaker.

“I listen and complain,” said the vizier and followed the master.

Soon after, they passed around the place, walked up to that very field and started singing: the orach is already in the valley and dancing in three places - on the cob, in the middle and at the end of the furrow.

Shah Abbas became even more amazed and asked the vizier:

- Why is the orach now dancing and splashing in the valley on the cob, in the middle and at the end of the furrow?

- The Shah, perhaps, the life of Orach has been shortened many times since this day, since he deprived his palace of his beautiful squad and then gave him his three small squads.

“If so, dear vizier,” said Shah Abbas, “then go to the orach and ask him and his three squads to visit me.”

The vizier went to the poor orach and conveyed his master’s request. How many times did he not stop talking in the evening and immediately went home. Even in the middle of nowhere, he said to the women:

- Anu, my love, quickly change your clothes for Christmas. We have been asked to Shah Abbas.

All three dressed up in a new Christmas robe and headed straight to the Shah’s palace. And as soon as they arrived, Shah Abbas asked them to the throne room, where he became the vizier and a large squad of servants. Shah Abbas, having noticed that only two squads came with an orach, asked him something:

- Dear orach, with you I watch two of my great squads. And where is the third squad?

- I’m sorry for your squad, about the rogue Shah Abbas, I immediately drowned at the river, having learned that the language in it was ruined. The Lord cannot correct such a woman, for the evil words let out of the mouth are terrible for the sword and the dagger.

Then Shah Abbas thought and asked:

- Why are you now having fun in the valley and dancing in three places: on the cob, in the middle and at the end of the furrow? Even before, you had fun and danced in two places: on the cob and on the edge of the furrow.

- Why shouldn’t I have fun and dance three times on the furrow, since I’m happy? - the orach was shocked. - When I turn from the field, tired after oranges, your wonderful friends look at me like a child: washing my feet, washing my whites, preparing delicious hedgehogs... Now my life has become richer than it used to be...

- How can that be? – Shah Abbas shrugged his shoulders. - One of them is a villain, and the other is a prostitute! How can stench understand the essence of life?

Having said something, orach vidpov:

“Water your squads about this, shanovny shano.” To tell you the truth, you understand the essence of life.

Shah Abbas turned to this squad, who secretly stole pennies, and asked:

- Why are you now engaged in villainy?

“No, dear Shah Abbas,” said the woman. - It’s a shame for me to guess about it. Steal from the one from whom money is stolen. And the poor speaker will completely trust me. I won't steal from myself!

Todi Shah Abbas, furious with this squad, which is small:

- Why are you making a meal now, woman?

“It’s time for me, dear Shah Abbas,” she confirmed, “why will anyone be in charge of me in the future?” Vіn does not deprive me myself, as if you were grateful to the lord!

Shah Abbas received an initial lesson in speaking and speaking about his large number of squads. Vіyshov took his throne, hugging the orach and saying:

- Dear orach, thank you for your good butt. From now on I will turn back your legitimate squad. In my palace, no one is crooked. She is clean and beautiful, just like before, when you welcomed her to visit me. Take care of your squad and go home.

And my squads, who have recovered, are left with me. I will be placed before them the same way as they were placed on the tee. Your initial lesson from my squads will become a good butt for me throughout my life.

This is such a simple orach on a special butt showing the wisdom and essence of life to Shah Abbas himself.

Fate in wars: Wars with the Ottoman Empire. War with Khorasan. Conquest of Afghanistan. Conquest of parts of Virmenia and Georgia. War from Portugal.
Fate in battles: Subrooted Gilyan. Rooted to Mazanderan. Conquest of Laristan. Taking Herat. Taking Kandahar. Subrooted to Shirvan. Taking Baghdad. Take Hormuz.

(Abbas I of Persia) Shah of Persia (from 1586) representative of the Safavid dynasty

Young son of the Shah Mohammed Khodabendi . Before his death, the father occupied the seat of the governor of Khorasan.

After the death of the father, having removed his older brothers, he took over the Persian throne in 1586.

The Shah to his bosses Abbas I Taking into account the importance of central power, carrying out internal reforms and reconquering the regions spent for his successors. It escaped from some of the Iranian feudal lords, concentrated in the centralization of the country, and from the great merchants.

Leading the fight against separatists from the Turkic nomadic nobility, Abbas I in opposition to the often indomitable feudal militia, having created a regular army that was recruited for a special recruitment

The main opponents of Abbas I were the Turks, and at the same time the Uzbeks.
During his reign, Abbas I reached his lands of Gilan and Mazanderan, and in the former region of Laristan. Ale Khorasan, which husband is captured by the Uzbek Khan Abdullah, once subordination is less than 1597 rub. after the fall of Herat. Until the end of his reign Abbas I conquering Kandahar And thus expanding his panorama to a larger part of Afghanistan.

Fighting Turechchina The reign of Abbas I was also not carried away by the pull of the mustache. In 1601 r. under Vlad Abbas I passed Azerbaijan, part of Virmenia and Georgia, as well as Shirvan.

Abbas I successfully defeating the often repeated attacks of the Turks on Yerevan and Tabriz, sometimes invading Turkish power in Asia, and mutiny in 1613. Most of Georgia (the kingdoms of Kakheti and Kartalinia) will become the supreme power of Persia.

Born in 1614-1617 The Turks renewed their attempts to invade Persia, which was not far off. After the defeat 1618 r. the stinks were laid down Abbas I the world, prote vin buv untrimmable.

At 1622 r. the war resumed, but the Turks again had little success, and in 1623 r. Abbas I already knew conquer Baghdad.

At the same time, with the help of the English fleet of the East India Company, Abbas I was able to conquer an important harbor from the Portuguese. Hormuz.

During the reign of Abbas I, the capital of the state was moved from Qazvin to Isfahan, and many other places, palaces, canals and caravanserais were also created.

Iran

Read: Safavid Father: Muhammad Khudabende Mati: Mahdi Vulitsa Squad: Mezdi-Ullya beyim, Oglanpasha hanim, Yakhshen Sultan, Tinatin (Leyli) Sultan Children: blue: Muhammadbagir Feyzi Mirza, Hassan Mirza, Hussein Mirza, Tahmasib Mirza, Muhammad Mirza, Ismail Mirza, Imamgulu Mirza
daughters: Shahzade Sultan, Zibayde Sultan, Hanaga Sultan, Hevva Sultan, Shahbanu Sultan, Meleknis Sultan.

Abbas I, Shah Abbas(Persian. شاه عَباس بُزُرگ ‎; Azeri I Abbas Səfəvi; (27 September 1571, Herat - 19 September 1629, Qazvin) - Shah of Persia from the Safavid dynasty, who ruled from 1587-1629. A great reformer and commander, Abbas carried out administrative, political, military and economic reforms that radically changed the power structure, creating a regular army and successful wars with the Turks The Uzbeks, who had previously conquered the territories, essentially reaffirmed what they got from the recession, actually collapsed The Safavid state, which transformed it into a centralized absolutist monarchy. Under Abbas, the Safavid state reached its greatest development and power, stretching from the Tigris River at the entrance to the city of Kandahar (Afghanistan) at the exit. Being a Shia Muslim, Abbas steadily rejected Sunni Muslims and showed tolerance to Christian Europeans, which he requested to the extreme. Abbas wanted the beauty of the roads, bridges, canals, and the beauty of the place and the developments of the city. Under him, the capital was moved from Qazvin to Isfahan in 1598. Although Abbas was a cruel and despotic sovereign, even during his life his subjects began to call him Great.

Biography

Abbas was the most successful Safavid ruler. Inspired by energetic activity and political insight, there were roads and bridges, in addition to the beauty of the place, especially Isfahan, where he moved his residence from Qazvin in 1598, and will live and trade with India and Europe.

Zokrema, who carried out the military reform of the country, which was justified not only by the external threat on the side of Turechchina, but also by the separatist tendencies among the provincial feudal lords. Previously, the Persian army included only the military army of the Turkic Kizilbash nobility, feudal militias of the villagers and the special cavalry of the Shah. Abbas created a regular army, which included 20 thousand. riflemen with muskets, 12 thousand. horse ghouls from the Caucasians, 12 thousand. artillerymen and 500 gunners. The army was regularly replenished with recruits, who were recruited directly from the non-Muslim population of Iran. The cinema of the feudal lords was shortened.

In the wake of the military reform, Abbas tried to carry out a penny reform, as a result of 11 years of lack of control in Iran, the country began to circulate a large amount of currency, which is not small at a fixed exchange rate. Abbas saw the coin Abbasi", the worth of which was equal to one mithqal.

At the birth of Shah Abbas in Ganja, the Juma Mosque was built for his confidants.

Before the Christians, they showed more tolerance than the Parsis and the Jews, and the Sunnis were persecuted with fire and sword. In his distant court, envoys of the Great Mogul and other similar sovereigns met with envoys from Russia, France, England, Spain and the Netherlands. With the help of the English in 1622, they took the island of Hormuz from the Portuguese. Although Abbas was a despotic, cruel sovereign, often reproaching himself for his primordial influences, the Iranians respect him as their most eminent sovereign.

The image of Abbas is inspired by the work of Mirza Fatali Akhundov “Fooled Stars”.

Ancestors

Abbas I the Great - ancestors
Sheikh Heydar Ismail Sefavi Alem Shah bizhimo Tahmasp I Taylu Khanum Muhammad Khudabende Sultanum Begum Mavasillu Abbas the Great World Abdullah Khan Mahdi Vulitsa

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Notes

Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additions). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• Pahlavi

  Urivok, which characterizes Abbas I the Great

  Having waned with hungry, rosetimi soldiers, without a road, along the mountains, a burnt -in -one forty miles, having rodded a third of Vidstali, Bagrations Viishov at Gollabrun on Vidensko Tsnimska Road de Decіlkoma wounded French, pinding to Gollabruna w. Kutuzov needed to go further with his carts in order to reach the Tsnaim, and in order to win the army, Bagration, from thousands of hungry, exhausted soldiers, tried to reach the entire army, which was strong I met with him at Gollabrunya, which was obvious. , Impossible. Ale, a wondrous fate made the young man tired. The success of the deception, which without a fight gave the Vidensky place to the hands of the French, prompted Murat to try to fool Kutuzov as well. Murat, having seen Bagration’s weak attack on the Central Road, thought that it was the entire army of Kutuzov. In order to undoubtedly destroy this army, we checked out the troops that had grown old since the day, and thus declared a truce for three days, without fail, so that these other troops would not change They understood their positions and did not ruin their place. Murat, singing that there are already negotiations for peace and that, in spite of the great shedding of blood, he advocates a truce. The Austrian general Count Nostitz, who stood at the outposts, believed the words of the envoy Murat and entered, exposing Bagration's persecution. Another parliamentarian went to the Russian parliament to voice the same message about peace negotiations and proclaim the truce to the Russian troops for three days. Bagration confirmed that we could not accept or not accept a truce, and sent his adjutant to Kutuzov with information about the proposal he had formed.
  The truce for Kutuzov was the only way to gain an hour, meet Bagration’s tormented corral and skip the convoys and burdens (the flow of some arrivals from the French), wanting a quick transition to Tsnaim. The proposal for a truce gave the undisputed the ability to seize the army. Having rejected this message, Kutuzov secretly sent General Adjutant Winzingerode, who had formed in front of him, to the enemy’s tabir. Winzengerod would not only accept the truce, but also force the minds to capitulate, and at the same time Kutuzov sent his adjutants back to evacuate the entire army along the Kremlin-Znayma road. Bagration's torment and hunger alone are responsible for the fact that he, covering with himself the whole army of convoys and the entire army, will inevitably lose himself before the enemy at all times.
  Kutuzov’s reawakening was realized both because the proposals of capitulation, which do not require anything, could take the time to pass for a large part of the convoys, and also because Murat’s pardon was unlikely to appear very soon. Just like Bonaparte, who was in Schönbrunn, 25 versts from Hollabrun, having rejected Murat’s message and the project of truce and capitulation, he resorted to deception and wrote an offensive letter to Murat:
  Au Prince Murat. Schoenbrunn, 25 brumaire en 1805 a huit heures du matin.
  “It is impossible for us to believe that there is a stench in order to dismiss my content. . Rompez l'armistice sur le champ et Mariechez a l'ennemi. Vous lui ferez declarer, que le general qui a signe cette capitulation, n"avait pas le droit de le faire, q"il n"y a l"Empereur de Russie qui ait ce droit.
  “Totes les fois cependant que l'Empereur de Russie ratifierait la dite convention, je la ratifierai;
  “L'aide de camp de l'Empereur de Russie est un..., vous vous laissez jouer par un aide de camp de l'Empereur. Napoleon."
  [Prince Murat. Schönbrunn, 25 Brumaire 1805 8 years wound.
  I can’t find the words to tell you my dissatisfaction. You command only my vanguard and do not have the right to truce without my order. You want me to spend the fruits of the whole campaign. It is safe to break the truce and go against the enemy. You will say that the general who signed this capitulation has no rights, and no one has any rights except the Russian Emperor.
  Moreover, if the Russian emperor is good for a clever mind, I will also be good for him; But it’s nothing more than cunning. Go, destroy the Russian army... You can take their convoys and artillery.
  General Aide-de-Camp of the Russian Emperor Shakhrai... Officers mean nothing if they do not want to be promoted; It also doesn’t mean anything... The Austrians let themselves be fooled while crossing the Vidensky Bridge, and you let yourself be fooled by the emperor’s adjutants.
  Napoleon.]
  Bonaparte's aide-de-camp galloped at full speed with this dirty leaf to Murat. Bonaparte himself, not trusting his generals, with all his guards rushed to the battlefield, afraid to miss the ready victim, and Bagration’s 4,000th round, cheerfully laying out the riches, drying, warming up, cooking after three days porridge, and not knowing any of the people in the pen without thinking about those that you need.

  On the fourth anniversary of the evening, Prince Andrey, having insisted on his funeral with Kutuzov, arrived at the village and appeared before Bagration.
  Bonaparte's adjutant had not yet arrived at Murat's corral, and the battle had not yet begun. At Bagration's enclosure they knew nothing about the secret battle of justice, they talked about peace, but did not believe in his ability. They talked about the battle and still did not believe that the battle was close. Bagration, knowing Bolkonsky as a loyal and trusted adjutant, receiving him with a special sign of authority and condescension, explaining to him that, of course, there will be a battle tomorrow, and giving him the freedom to fight again at the next hour of battle Bo in the rearguard beware of I'll come in order. , “So it was even more respectful.”
  “Then, nini, perhaps there will be no question,” said Bagration, calming Prince Andrey.
  “As this is one of the most important staff dandies who are trying to remove the cross, then he is in the rearguard against the city, and if you want to be with me, don’t forget ... if you are a good officer,” thought Bagration. Prince Andrey did not confirm anything, asking the prince’s permission to move around the position and inquire about the dismantling of the troops in order to know where to go. The devil's officer of the pen, a dark-haired man, dark-haired and with a diamond ring on his fancy finger, is disgusting, but willingly speaking in French, he agreed to see off Prince Andriy.
  From all sides one could see the wet, dubious-looking officers who were joking, and the soldiers who were pulling the village doors, locking and parking.
  “We can’t, the prince, dare this people,” the officer said to the headquarters, pointing at these people. - The commanders are releasing. And here,” he pointed to the marketer’s outstretched tent, “they are huddling and sitting.” Today's lies have ignited everyone: marvel, reaffirmed. You need to go, prince, lyak them. One hvilina.
  “Come in, and I’ll take that loaf of bread,” said Prince Andrey, who had not yet gotten around to eating.
  - Why didn’t you tell the prince? I salted my bread.
  They got off their horses and came under the mark of the marketer. A number of officers with red-faced and angry faces were sitting at the tables, drinking or drinking.
  “Well, then, sir,” the officer said to the headquarters in a dolorous tone, like a person who has repeated the same thing many times before. - Aja can’t be seen like that. The prince punished so that there would be no one. Well, the axis of the army, Pan Staff Captain, - turning into a small, brutish, thin artillery officer, who does not do anything (he let them dry to the marketer), in only panchoks, standing in front of those who have grown up, they laugh not at all naturally.
  - Well, what do you think, Captain Tushina? - having seen the headquarters officer, - you seem to be like an artilleryman needs to show the butt, but you don’t want to. Forget it in a flash, and you will be even better without it. (The staff officer chuckled.) Allow me to tell you everything, sir, everything, everything,” adding the boss.
  Prince Andrey smiled briefly, looking at the staff captain Tushin. Little girls grinned, Tushin, shifting from bare foot to foot, deeply marveling at the great, wise and kind eyes of Prince Andrey and the officer’s headquarters.
  “Soldiers seem to be more discreet,” said Captain Tushin, laughing and fearfully, perhaps, wanting to switch to a feisty tone due to his unassuming position.
  Without even finishing speaking, I realized that the heat was not accepted and not resolved. Vin Zniyakov.
  “Be gentle, lie down,” the officer said to the headquarters, trying to lose his seriousness.
  Prince Andriy immediately looked at the figure of the artilleryman. Hers was more special, not at all civilized, more comical, and even more over-the-top.
  The staff officer and Prince Andriy mounted their horses and rode away.
  Having departed from the village, casually passing and quick-talking the soldiers who were about to go, the officers of various commands, they smelled the left hand of the fresh, newly dug up clay of the treasure that would be. A dozen battalions of soldiers in their shirts, unconcerned with the cold wind, swarmed around these fortifications like goosebumps; From behind the ramparts, shovels of red clay were constantly thrown out invisibly. They drove up to the mark, looked back and drove away. Behind the fortifications themselves, the smell of dozens of soldiers came across them, constantly changing and running from the fortifications. The stench is enough to squeeze the nose and push the horses of the race in order to escape from this desolate atmosphere.

II. The era of the Persian army in Georgia (Shah Abbas)

The greatest of the Shahs of Persia, the Lion of Iran, as history and people call him, Shah Abbas took the Persian throne at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. This was one of these historical features, which meant that they were destined to change the face of the earth, ruin and re-establish the kingdom. Its significance for Georgia was so great that the Georgian people associated it with a whole series of grandiose legends. Behind the manifestations of the people, the birth of this people was already a sign of coming troubles, signified by a prophesied catastrophe.

On that very evening and on that very same day when Shah Abbas, the great coward, was born, as a sign of God’s wrath, he destroyed the ancient shrine of Georgia - the monastery of St. George, which was located on the outskirts of the town of Telavi.

This earth-truck, about which the testimonies and chronicles of the late 16th century, formerly the tables of the locals, that they didn’t smell in Telavi, that they stood in front of the monastery not far away, like twenty miles away. Tsar buv on the field. It was a quiet and clear evening, with the courtiers celebrating their prayers and funerals, passing through the monastery; The zurna deafened the foxes and the mountains, the azarpesha passed from hand to hand, and no one wanted to be surprised at the elders who came out of the monastery fence with a bow. The underground rumble rumbled, the earth shook, and the centuries-old patron of Iberia were kidnapped, drunk to death and fell with a greedy crash. It is important to picture what happened on the royal train. Most of the top leaders flew out of their seats, many of them fell down at once; The king was among those who remained and when he fell, he was seriously defeated. It was time for the day to come, a terrible storm came from the city, darkness hung over Telavi, and the people became angry, so they gathered to the king’s attention and set off for home. Then the ugly, twisting voice of some kind of holy fool came from the crowd.

- Tavadi, those people are born! - Vin hummed. – Before your eyes, the largest of the churches of the Orthodox land has sunk to the ground. That high cloud was beaten by the storms of centuries, and now it has fallen - in the quiet time of the evening, in the calm of a dying day. Truly, this is a great sign of the troubles that have come upon us, for our iniquities have surpassed the height of our temples. This is the very same priest who was born in Iran, who would come to sacrifice our freedom, and who would come to be bathed in our blood. Cry, Georgians! Shah Abbas is born!

Dozens of fates passed, and Shah Abbas became the ruler of Iran (1585-1628). A brilliant politician and a great commander, he truly appreciates the importance of Georgia for his state in the fight against Turkey and directly puts all his efforts into not only preventing his influx to the country, but also Let's make them angry with Persia, gradually expanding their religion, The language is similar to Persian Mohammedanism. There is strong support among the people of the people and once again on the paths of the crooked pile, the Mohammedans do not settle in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, like Tamerlane, but instead, destroying places, forcefully bring Christians to Persia ї. Until now, there are a lot of Georgian and Vermenian villages, which have lost their faith and preserved the language of their ancestors. The Shah wanted to bring the kings of the Georgian lands closer to his court, the princes often fought in the Shah’s capital, conquering the Persian faith there.

The Tsar of Kakhetia, Alexander III, has his kinship with the Turks and his relations with the Russian Tsar Boris Godunov, a direct and absolute opponent of the Shah Abbas's policy, and the first blows fall on him. The peaceful affairs of Shah Abbas, as always, followed the consistent principle of divide et impera - divide and give. And after that, as the Shah of the war with Turechina was about to fall into the insecurity of Alexander, he ruled so much that he raised his children against him.

On what basis can one argue that the dissolution of the rulers, bringing Shah Abbas to Georgia, threatening him with any further moral discord, as he undoubtedly achieved all his political goals, as if he did not directly and at other extremes – extremes come to fruition. And we appreciate in the subsequent history of Shah Abbas the lowly magnanimous giants, from whom the reserves of the ancient valor and historical self-sacrifice have not yet died out, who betrayed Georgia from the inheritance of the all-smelling influx of the Persian politician.

The Shah exclaimed the spirit of health and war in the family of Oleksandr, wresting his first lord from him, whose eldest son, Prince David, with the permission of the Persian court, imprisoned his brother George in the fort, his father in prison and himself took over the throne (1605). When Alexander’s other son, Kostyantin, died at the same time, having adopted Mohammedanism under Shah Abbas, he came with the Persian army to Kakheti and took over the throne, killing his father and brother. But at the cost of not only evil deeds, having bought the throne, but also the demands given to the Shah to impose any losses from Russia and place Kakheti as a vassalage to Persia. Georgia was once again crowned by Queen Ketevan, the widow of David II. She defeated Kostyantin's henchmen, killed himself, and began to rule over the estates of her son, Teimuraz. The cunning Shah once reconciled with the death of the king given to him and, apparently, said: “Father killed the year of death,” confirming Teimuraz on the throne, who was at that hour at the Persian court. “Go to Kakheti and try not to allow any boasting in this land,” he said to Teimuraz.

At the same time, the Kartlian king George X, who did not hesitate to accept Mohammedanism, was destroyed, and the throne was given to Shah Abbas by his son, Laursaba II (1605). In the early days of the reign of Laursab, the furniture was destroyed, resulting in a fatal disaster. Even after the reign of the father of George X, Simon I, when the storms of war were looming over Kartli and the region was torn apart by civil strife, George Saakadze, who was judged for the miraculous role, hangs from the poor noble family stories of the Georgian people. Appearing with their outer beauty, the gift of words and the power of transformation, courage and determination, when they first appeared in the military field, they gained respect for themselves. Simon called on the anniversary of Tarkhan; Simon's successor, George X, bequeathed him to the title of Volodar with the title of Mourava, and the young Saakadze was not yet twenty-seven, as he had already become close to the king of Laursab. The proud Georgian aristocracy could not bear the sudden gift of a person to an unknown noble family, intrigue began, and King Laursab was desired to death, Mourava. Saakadze, having obviously fallen victim to the aristocracy, but at this hour it happened that the terrible Turkish forces, which had turned from Persia, were pressing on Georgia from the side of the Trioletsky mountains. An advanced Georgian campaign, messages under the direction of two of the greatest Georgian commanders, Zakharia and Yarali, who were accused at the same time of the troops in the Georgian valleys, and the enemy who occupied Manglis and Kvelta. At Kvelta, the Turks gathered the priest Fyodor, who at that time was known from his past affairs, and under the threat of death, they asked for a new one, so that he could prevent the king from conducting a flying hunt in the city, which was going to kill Laursab. “I will not sacrifice the eternal time of life, I will not be a spectator for the king,” the Georgian Susanin said to himself. In the battle of the enemies of the impenetrable city, they fought against the king, dying a painful death. However, the danger for the region had not passed, and the king from the Tskhiretsky castle marveled in his heart at the uncured warriors of the army that covered the Malovniki valleys. And in these important situations, if the proud aristocracy has lost its head, Saakadze takes on the rule of Fatherlandism, depriving himself of the right to permanently manage the battle.

The next day, near the Skherets Hollow, on the banks of the Kuri River, a battle began. Weak in numbers, with a strong hatred of the Muslims and pressed by their army, the Georgians rushed into hand-to-hand battle, and Saakadze himself fought in the front ranks. The Turks did not budge. It happened here that the good prince Zaza Tsitsianov, having made his way all the way to our Delhi-Mamad Khan, having knocked him off his horse and, jumping from the saddle, came to cut off my head, the first lower Turkish leaders took him to help u. Tracing his head between his teeth by his long beard, Tsitsianov most heartily made his way through the ranks of the enemies who had killed him, and, bleeding, threw his terrible trophy to the king’s feet. This situation made me overcome. The cries of burial heard the hero near the lavas of the Georgian troops. The Turks, the enemy of the Turks, escaped, and the terrible hordes were blamed on the Georgians.

The king and the door of the third day were delivered to Saakadze. There, Laursab treated her sister to her, who appeared in miraculous beauty, fell in love with her and decided to make friends with her. The marnies were for the sake of Mourav, who sensed the summation of the inheritance of the uneasy lover, the marnies were the death of the queen mother and the flood of the court - the king was not satisfied with his destiny, and the lovers were gone. The powerful princes and vassals, represented by the king's chief, rose to the throne and, having lost nothing in the eyes of the people since then, as the sister of a simple nobleman became queen, not only Nya slubu, hello y vinishchenya everything that is hated by the Saakadze family. A dark cloud arose.

Once he turned away the request at the royal clearing, but only then arrived at the castle’s palace, as one of the people who told him about his crooked idea. Without hesitation, Saakadze jumped onto a bareback horse and galloped off to his castle to take over his homeland. They were constantly in pursuit of him, but she no longer knew Saakadze at the castle. Having galloped through a great race in one short time, he came to terms with the squad and children of his father-in-law, the Aragvian eristate. The castle was subject to plunders and atrocities at the purchase of ruins and popelu.

Georgia has lost one of its finest blues for a long time, which could become endlessly brown.

The images of the hero, not knowing the end of his powerful fatherland, welcomed her: from the invasion of Persia to the Shah and encouraged him to conquer Kartli. And what can we say about you, except for the good? They say that they once again shouted out loud: “Woe to Kartli!” There is no peace for her, until the living king Laursab!” Shah well understood the benefit of eliminating Kartli's single support and hoped to receive Saakadze with honors. Ale vin, without respecting the need to live the mourava against Kartli, is entirely reasonable in the possibility of brutalizing him before Fatherlandism: vin sends him to India and to the war with the Turks - and the inevitable glory of the Indians and tours Saakadze won such victories and spread his name all over Iran; The songs that reached Tiflis, the mountains and the valleys of Kartli were sung by the Persians until the fear of the court and the inhabitants of the land.

In this way, both Kartli and Kakheti, which came from the Georgian powers, lay prostrate across Persia, under the rule of weak kings and without the support of the strong, who, with joy and mutuality, left the country. Shah Abbas understands that he is no longer looking for a special support in the weakened kingdoms, but on the other hand, knowing all the persistence of religious thefts from the people, he is satisfied with the bestialities to Mohammedanism of the kings and princes, and the people there is a hustle to punish with the sword and the gallows in Persia and more looking for a decent drive before the war. In 1615, he was born in Ganji, sent to inform the Kakhetian queen about the intention to start a war with the Turks, and, armed with Saakadze, he put his son in handcuffs to ensure that Teimuraz would not lose money. ік Turkіv. The king, who understood the treacherous policy of the Shah and knew that no war was going to happen, was at first inspired, and then, to take revenge on the Kakhetians, sending his young son to the Shah under his own supervision and mother Ketevan.

“I’m not a maiden to take away minors,” the Shah told him and told his eldest son.

Teimuraz gave up. Todi Shah coveted the same thing for himself. Having agreed among others on the connivance of Laursab of Kartlinsky, Teimuraz contemplated defeating the Shah, and then surviving his visits. In order to destroy the tributes against Teimuraz, he ordered the Persians to behave kindly with the population and without defrauding gifts and honors. And immediately Teimuraz and Laursab, deprived of their allegiance, who switched to the bak of Shah Abbas, will soon flow to Imeretia. Having sent the mother and children of Teimuraz to Shiraz, the Shah passed through Kakheti and Kartli and from the Mountains, lying about forty miles outside Tiflis on the way to Imeretia, and began negotiations with the kings. I was quick to tell the side of Laursab, to love him and generously reward him if he showed up before him, and that Teimuraz is my eternal enemy. The Shah did not miss the opportunity to win over the Imeretians, through negotiations with the kings, and at this point, handing the Imeretian nobles a rich, gold-chained sword, asking them to hang it, like a gift, on the wall of the beloved temple of the saint George in the town of Mravalzale. Of course, Shah Abbas was not interested in the Christian religion out of love. This pattern, as one mandrvnik says, was on the wall of the temple as early as 1745, but where it went is unknown.

Laursab succumbed to the deception and went away from Teimuraz pishov from Imeretia. The Shah received him kindly and deprived him of him in Tiflis, and he himself went away. They say that, leaving the capital of Kartli, the Shah stood on the bridge, from which the mineral lakes were visible, and, pointing out to the kings the beauty of locality, saying: “I would have known from this sight, as if it were possible; The greatest wealth of your kingdom and place is the baths of mineral waters.” Laursab Vidpoviv: “The Great Shah, I, and my kingdom, and you see, everything owes you.” It was not long before the king lost his freedom. Nezabarom mi bachimo yogo with shah on a clearing near the forests of Karabakh; from Karabakh, under the guise of a clearing, he must be transported to Mazandaran, and if there are no threats here, no priests smear him to Islam, the Shah sends him to Shiraz, where, after a painful involvement in the war, he is strangled tiva (1622 ).

The direct line of kings of Kartli fell in line with Laursab, and their Volodars stopped calling them Christians. The Shah names the Mohammedan Bagrat V (1616-1619) as the king of Kartli.

At that time, when Laursab became a victim of the Shah’s policies, Teimuraz was actually deposed from the throne, and in Kakheti the Persian garrison was deprived under the command of the rebel Tsarevich Essay, in Mohammedan Isakhan, Teimuraz’s cousin. Three months after the Shah's death, Isakhan turned to the kingdom. The Shah decided to cruelly punish those who disobeyed his will - and the time of the Persians’ crooked attack on Georgia had come.

The Shah sent ahead part of the army to block Teimuraz's access to Imeretia, and Teimuraz was the first to attack the Persian enclosure and throw it away. The proximity of Shah Abbas's leading forces, however, changed everything on the right; The leading drive of the Persian army was commanded by Saakadze, and the appearance of the national hero on several enemy regiments immediately lifted the spirit of the people: everyone abandoned the march and fled to the mountains. Teimur will return to Imeretia.

In 1617, the army of Shah Abbas entered Kakheti, all disrespecting the road, all spilling blood, killing people in the middle of nowhere, robbing monasteries, smashing icons and crucifixes and killing sacred places on the toilets of their harem. Christians instead gathered in churches, repented and prayed, preparing to die, and thousands burned out of churches at once. Lezgins, from their side, to the advantage of the Shah, drove in and captured those who ran before them at the mountain. The retelling preserved the story of the Shah’s crooked reprisal, which took place in one of the monasteries of the Garedzhi desert, rocky, waterless, riddled with gorges. Under the ruins of the monastery church in the middle of the present day there still stands a throne, and in the new place of the sacred foundation are human bones, knitted like a cross. The axis of this brush gave the name to the whole Lavra, which is called Motsameti - the Lavra of the Martyrs. Here six thousand people were beaten on the holy day of Nich at the order of Shah Abbas. It was then that the brothers of all twelve monasteries of the Garedzhi desert gathered for Easter morning in this Lavra, which is so great among them all; before that, the great day was the temple of the holy monastery. And six thousand people with candles in their hands walked around the church built on the top of the mountain, and joyfully celebrated “Christ is Risen”, without noticing how the smells themselves were already close before the transition to eternity. Far beyond the Kura River, on the edge of the great Karai steppe, Shah Abbas had received the utmost illumination at night - fires were crashing and moving on the top of the mountain, there, completely overlooking the desert. What kind of fire? -Having asked the Shah for his greetings. “All the Gareja deserters celebrate their Great Day,” they told you. “Blame them!” The shahs who were close at hand warned them that the priests should not wear armor, that they should not harm anyone, but that they should pray to God for everyone, and that the prophet himself commanded that such prayers should be spared. The Shah didn’t hear anything. On Svitanka, I drove the movie and galloped to the Lavra. The Liturgy was in progress, and at the end of the Holy Mysteries the Persians broke in, and within six thousand six thousand corpses lay on the church platform, drenched in blood. Since then, most of the houses have become empty. The church gathered the martyrs who died before the martyrdom and established a holy day on the slaughter of the six thousandth day of the Great Day, and the pious Tsar Archil collected the holy brushes and built a small church over them.

At this hour, having captured Mtskheta, the Shah buried in his hand the majestic shrine of the Christian world - the tunic of the Lord. Later, as it turns out, he was promoted to Tsar of Moscow. And the robe of the Lord, divided into parts, forms the head of the Assumption Cathedral in Moscow, the great court church and the Alexander Nevsky Lavra near St. Petersburg.

Having instilled the fear of death in the entire country into momentary submission, Shah Abbas recognized his ruler of Kakheti as a Persian army and forced the masses of the people into captivity to settle them in the Persian provinces. With the kings of Georgia, Leo concluded a peace treaty with Iran, promising not to burden Georgia with tribute, not to change their religion, to leave the churches unfinished and not to have mosques, however, having lost their minds, so that the Georgian couples either by the Mohammedans or by the Georgian tradition. With this agreement, which preserved the independence and freedom of the Georgian kingdoms, which spent an hour pouring out the faceless representatives of their religion, and saved the aristocracy and the Mohammedan kings, Abbas left the Persian influx into Georgia. And in addition to the people's loyalty, faith and original spirit, Georgia is concerned with preserving its spiritual independence and the possibility of rebirth in the future. A strong clergy once again loomed over the people, with few inconsistencies flowing onto the king and the Mohammedan aristocracy, and the head of the clergy, the Catholicos, and more than once in the history of Georgia the rule of free rulers. The ancient people have depicted the role of the clergy in legends.

This eternally active spirit of the people was recognized by the Shah not only as a support for the masses of the people who went into the mountains, but through exploits in which the inexhaustible and boundless devotion to the faith of their ancestors and ancestors shines. And the legendary history (as evidenced by I.D. Popka), created by the people themselves, shows that I don’t want to find out about the Shah, I can overcome it, at least knowing that I can’t save the people’s strength. She portrays the Shah not as a overcomer, but as a overcomer and overcomer by love itself to the point of death.

Axis is a legend.

Having captured all of Kakhstiya and the great Kargli, one day Shah Abbas sat at the door of his tent; Head Mirza believes that an envoy with gifts was sent to the Georgian king. The Kartlian tavad appeared, tall and stringy, like poplars on the Kuri birch. He threw the cats of fresh fruits to the Shah’s feet, and the Shah praised the fruits. "Chokh-Gyuzel!" (“It’s so wonderful!”) - he repeated; choosing the largest apple, eating it, spitting it into the valley and ordering taxes. Having sacked the earth, throwing the livestock away from her, he turned towards the Kartlian, saying: “Bow to the queen and say that until this garden grows up, and I will not taste the fruits of it, until I leave your land, I'm falling asleep more simply, at home." - “Beli!” (“Good!”) – vidpov tavad. And, having escaped from the court of the Shah, the hostility to the humiliation of his king and the Fatherland, he decidedly thought: “I will sacrifice my dear, my beloved Pretty - I treasure everything for my squad!”

Yogo's name was Shio; his house stood at the very border of Kakheti and Kartli. He himself is a Kartlian, and his friend is a Kakhetian, and their honeymoon has not yet ended.

It must be said that Shah Abbas gave a greedy order to collect fifty reds in towns and villages every new month and bring them to the Persian tabir. The Shah himself distributed them to his commanders. There was only one khan, in the name of Alla-Verdi, who was not satisfied with the gifts of “Brother Month” and robbed the same tribute himself. This was the most powerful khan, the leader of the Tatar cinema, which became the most beautiful of the Kizilbashs. Khan Alla-Verdi stood at his guard in front of Telavi, and since there was no longer anyone to beat, then today he saw the falcons in the clearing, and in the evening Danina appeared to him in the form of a rich Georgian woman.

Now the Georgian Tsar is standing in Mtskheta in a military position with the help of tavads and surpluses of the defeated army, in order to hide the evils of Kuri and Aragvi. When the military strength was in winter, another force rose, which did not fall under the blows of the enemy. The clergy came out of their cells and took into their hands the order of witchcraft. Like the ancient pets of Russia, it reconciled the strong, united the weak, encouraged the cowardly crowd and created strength where there was none. The princes, who did not even think of meeting, converged under the royal crown, embraced and swore an oath over the tunic of the Lord to die one for one. They often asked for help from the same-blooded Imeretin and asked for help from the same-blooded Moscow. The Tsar's army was enjoying itself every day. Everyone wanted to go on the offensive. They were looking for Russian help from the Terek and from the Dnieper.

Such an encampment would have it right if Tavad Shio galloped up to his Khoroshana and said to her: “Damn Fatherlandism!”

- Ra-ari! (Yaki promovi!) A weak woman is instilled with Fatherlandism, if the good people don’t live, huddled in a safe corner between Kura and Aragva!

- The sisters hugged each other, Kura and Aragva were angry at the eternal union, as with you, the disparate forces of Iveria united there. All the remaining strength is no more! And all this zhenya, and kizilbash’s unhealed knivness. What can we earn? To be honest, die! Ale does not lie to Fatherlandism, as the death of the remaining tavad is at once destroyed. Even though good people can’t do anything, there a woman can do everything... Not by the strength of a hand, no, but by the immeasurable greatness of a loving heart... Sacrifice yourself!.. Give up your farm, give him away for a short term - in the evening Irki to rank - Khan Alla-Verdi.

Khoroshana died.

“It is not the head camp of the khan with the unhealed power of the Kizilbash that is terrible for the Georgians,” Shio was buried after chewing. – Her heroic tribute is especially due to the Lion of Azerbaijan, to Khan Alla-Verdi. Declare yourself against the Shah - and Georgia is stolen! And you need to lie, you need to lie, come what may, and you alone can do it - not by force, but by sacrifice! The hour has come for endless, inconceivable sacrifices, which give the right to deprive one of love until death.

And having spoken for a long time, the nobleman of Kartli, and the marvelous boules of his promotion, which the world has not yet felt. The good woman realized the greatness of the sacrifice, found in the immeasurable depths of her loving heart an invisible force - and became obsessed.

Nezabar Khoroshana shows up in the Persian camp to tremble and get rich. The girl's reign increased her beauty, and Khan Allah-Verdi swore by the beard of the prophet, having never seen such beauty before. The gloom of the night has arrived. A thunderstorm burned in the mountains, flooding the valleys, and the storm began to blow in the Tatar camp. Under the khan's seamed tent a super-chicken baked. Alla-Verdi did not mind the price that the Georgian woman was getting. He revealed to her all his treasures, all around for the sake of the Shah. Khoroshana threw everything away and extracted everything for the sake of it. More than once the mighty Khan came at the time of a crazy tale, more than once raising a kanjar over it. It was beautiful, it showed everything - and did not change the price.

The next day, the Khan sat at the end of the day, thoughtful and fierce, not rushing to the surface. The whole crew was silent, and none of them dared to speak out loud. Once again, the Khan accepted the price required by the Good Woman, and swore allegiance to the prophet’s beard.

The whole army of Vranza made noise and banquets, and those close to the khan received great gifts. Once the messenger ran from the Shah with the news that the Georgians had arrived from the Terek and the Cossacks from the Dnieper and that the Gaurs were coming from Mtskheta. Shakh vimagav, so that Alla-Verdi would arrive before the new one in three days. “Beli,” Alla-Verdi said to the horse and ordered him to mute the horses and prepare for the march to the great Ajam tabir. The oath was forgotten, and in Horoshana’s soul there was a ripened place and the determination that same night to cut off the head of the oath-breaker. Ale Kolya Vikonati Vikonati Namir, Vaughn fell asleep herself, I ї ї ї ї ї ї їyavaviva earthed, fascinated by Sivina, in an old lahmitta desert, ale of the Osovchechi il lagіdem. The elder raised his hand and began to bless Khoroshana.

- Negіdna, father! - She screamed. “Wretched is the blessed one who has defiled herself in the bed of the infidel and prepared her hands for the treacherous killing!”

The elder said:

- Tell us your peace, O most beautiful daughter of Iveriya! Do not lay hands on Khan Alla-Verdi, for he will cry out to the great right: his life will complete the order of vengeance, his death will bring the monastery down from ruins, over which long fates will cry. Your hard sacrifice will be highlighted by the blessing of the church and the long-lasting Chernetsky feat. Vranci tell the khan to eat his day of life in the face of his powerful prayer.

The elder once again blessed the angled Khoroshana and became invisible.

Vrantsi Khoroshana told the khan that she wanted kebab from jairan (wild goat meat), killed by his powerful hand. The order was urgently given, and the cheerful train with zura and tambourines crashed through the forest along the road to the ruins of the monastery of St. George. The hunt for the animal was far away. The falcons came down. “They devastated the earth - devastated and devastated!” - the khan shouted at the capture. And the first axis, the first and the love juice of his fell on the chickens, but, at the bar, he flew stupidly and dully, and the chickens left him. Alla Verdi got angry. He raced on horseback, making the falcon want with crazy cries. And in the distance, on the rocky birch of Alazan, standing on their knees, a desert tree and under the scorching sun prayed for the order of the Fatherland in the face of the heavy invasion of foreigners.

Sokil got ready at this hour and had already finished his task. Having already straightened her veins, and having kicked her along the wing of the chicken, she suddenly broke her flight, threw herself on the ground, and sank under an empty nest to pray. The falcon circled around the old man's head. Khan began to take possession of the image of his falcon, and, galloping towards the Samitnik, loudly shouted:

- Sneaky little bird!

The traveler prayed.

- I tell you: evil bird!

The traveler deeply and half-heartedly prayed for the salvation of the fighting Fatherland; His heart rushed into the sky, and the whole earthly world with its beauty and aspirations did not sleep for him.

- You don’t listen to me, you blasphemous infidel! - Khan squealed.

Kanjar flashed over the head of the Samitnik, and then, touching the elder’s blueberry, took off. Khan fell from his horse, and his hand, which was squeezing the handle, withered.

And the hermit prayed “for those who do not worry and represent us.”

Defeated by a miracle and the all-forgiving word of Christian prayer, the proud Khan was humbled.

“Let go of my sin,” the elders said, “turn my hand, I will give it to the service of the Christian people.”

The blessed elder revived the hand of Alla Verdi, and the first thought of faith penetrated her frowning, sensitive heart.

The legend further reveals that the Shah and the Tsar went to battle, hoping for the help of Alla-Verdi. The first axis, if it was stronger, at the nearby heights, the Tatar film turned dark like gloom. Alla-Verdi ishov on both sides and rapt, turning the left hand - on the kizilbash. Then the whole Persian army, covered in panic, began to roll away.

Shio buv knowledge of those killed in this battle. Standing over him and weeping was a young tavad in the Tatar obladunkas - that was Khoroshana. With a list at the hand, with chain mail on her lower shoulders, she led the khan and encouraged him in the Khvylini Vaganya - and also the Khvilini Bulls. Khan Alla-Verdi himself, having recovered from a mortal wound, was still alive for a few days, was enlightened by holy baptisms and died as a Christian, and another man of Khoroshani. Dying, she buried her unhealed treasures in the renewed monastery of St. George, the patron saint of Iberia, and soon she arose from the ruins of her greatness. Khoroshana went into the world and redeemed her lofty, but sinful, feat with a long, dark feat.

The Georgian chronicler, conveying this legend, says: “There never was and never will be such a beloved son of ancestry as the Kartlian Shio; There has never been and never will be such a loving friend as the Kakhetian Khoroshana.”

This is the legend in which the people’s fantasy brought victory to the Georgians and defeat to the Persians. But reality was far from being obvious to anyone. In the rozoren region, forests of Lezgins came from the mountains and may have irrevocably occupied the rich and popular part of Kakheti between the Caucasian ridge and Alazannya, where the forts of Jari and Bilokani were lost, as they were I have a lot of blood; there were Mohammedan kings near Kartli; Kakheti was completely without a king - and Teimuraz lives as an exile in Imereti. Neither the people nor Teimuraz put up with foreign misfortunes. The king of Kakheti fell due to the help of the Sultan and the protection of Russia. In 1619, a family of wines was sent to the Russian Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich after him, thus depicting his difficult situation:

“And to you, the great sovereign, we declare our sorrows and misery, that our light has turned into darkness, and the sun no longer shines on us, and the month does not brighten us, and our bright day began at night, And I’m in such a state now, which would be better not having been born, I understand that the Orthodox Christian faith and the land of Iverska were ruined before my eyes, in the churches God is not to be glorified, and all stand empty...”

Teimuraz asked Mikhail Fedorovich to turn his mother and son into Shah. Mikhailo Fedorovich rightly asked the Shah not to oppress the Georgian land. The Shah calmed the king with a friendly letter and the power of the tunic of the Lord, and even at that hour, when he decided to dispose of the homeland of Teimuraz (1625). Tim himself is the defender of Russia and passed away.

For an hour there was also trouble in Kartli. When Bagrat V died (1619), his widow voted Simon Khan II king, and the princes and people began to reproach their Mohammedan son. Abbas gave him the aid of the commander Karchikhan with a strong corral, and at the same time sent Georgy Saakadze with the same envoys to blame the Kakhetians and resettle the Kartlians to Persia. Saakadze attacked the kingdom of Simon and destroyed Kakheti. But then a moral revolution took place, which deprived of deep traces on the history of Georgia.

For a long time, living in Persia, Saakadze was secretly tormented by his conscience, having resorted to violence, slaughtered by the Shah over his fatherland. And now, near Kakheti, he had a chance to learn about the slaughter of the long-captured king Laursab (1622). This was a remaining drop, as the storm of darkness overcame him. Perhaps, he guessed all the evil that was caused by Laursaba, and, forgetting the images left behind by his father’s shtick, Saakadze is forming a plan for the complete liberation of all Georgia from the Persian yoke. It turned out that a number of Kakhetian princes who called upon him under the drive of distribution of the Shah's gifts were celebrated and secretly killed in the plan of Karchikhan. In order to break the storm among the people, Saakadze was quickly stabbed, and he himself was the first to shout: “Goodbye, Kakhetians!” The Persian army was innocently cut, and Moura cut off Karchikhan’s head with his own hand. Then, with the help of the Aragvian erist, the Persian monger was driven from Kakheti and Tiflis was taken, along with the citadel, in which Tsar Simon Khan closed himself in and sat, as if he were in bondage. Kakheti and Kartli were in Vilni, and Kartli rules for placing the hero of the young Koikhosra from the nickname of the Volodars of the Mukhrani princes. And about the rulers of Saakadze, in whose energetic head lies both the brave and the great plan for the unification of the Georgian kingdoms, and with this he calls out to us the rightful king of Kakhetian Teimuraz, alive as a Vignanian on the shores of the Black Sea (1623).

The exploits of Georgiy Saakadze had just begun, but they were so incredibly bright, because Fatherlandism had not triumphed for so long with such obvious and permanent victories that Saakadze, whose health and scourge has recently ceased, a national hero and the indisputable ruler of this land. He is called the warrior of the people, the father of the vicious and the son of the church; in the churches to pray for his longevity; the aristocracy, which has humbled itself before the great and swift successes of Mourav, seeks his friendship and stands under his ensign, which is everywhere proud and perhaps major; Sing and singers glorify His name, terrible to the enemies. Batkivshchina has worked through everything, forgotten everything. According to the words of the mayor of his companion, King Archil, Vlad Saakadze was so great in the land that without permission in his presence they did not dare to sit with nobles and nobles. Ale mourav, according to the testimonies of history, without being overwhelmed by passions, without being called the first among the people, the soul given to him. In his great heart, which did not know the middle and led him to boundless hatred, now there lived a great love and a passionate desire for the future and to completely eliminate fatherlyism from the hardest and hardest of foreign misery.

Once Saakadze was proud of his victories, there was a need to seek the revenge of the evil Shah, and there was already a threat from Persia. Having learned about the good fortune of Saakadze and the new reign of Teimuraz in Kakheti, the Shah lost Saakadze’s son and the squad of the erist Zubar, who were lost in Persia, and Teimuraz’s mother, the generous Ketevan, suffered terrible torment. The queen was forced to choose between Mohammedanism and cruel punishment, and she suffered torment and death at the hands of kata (1624). In the middle of the great square, with a majestic gathering of people, Queen Ketevan was naked, and her body was torn with baked tongs, and the torturi was brought out like velvet, and the daring was prayed for to see Christ. Then they put hot vugillas on the terrible guards and wounds - she lost her innocence. They found her head in a red roasted chavun cauldron, and she died, crowned with this terrible martyr's crown. The king learned with grief about the terrible death of his mother, who would remain sadly in his family; two blue ones who were in Persia have long since fallen victim to the cruelty of the Shah: back in 1620 he ordered to turn them into eunuchs, and one of them died as a result of the brutal operation, and the other was a god in his mind, so that three fates of a miserable life. And what’s amazing is that in the heart of Teimuraz the old hatred for the death of his family, Saakadze, arose, hatred that was later called new miserable civil strife in the country. The death of Ketevan and the people was celebrated with terrible hostility; I also know that Saakadze is to blame for all the deaths and all the turmoil that brought the terrible Shah Abbas to Georgia, and the guess about the passing of Mourava was the first pitfall on his way, having settled until now Wow, I don't believe it. The church of the Ketevan pier to the face of the martyrs, and Nina’s relics rest partly in the Fatherland in the Allaverdi Cathedral, partly in distant Belgium, in the cathedral of the town of Nemours; Catholic missionaries, who were witnesses of Ketevan's passion and hostility to holy manhood, took part of her body and transported it to Europe.

And at this hour the wrath of the Shah was not extinguished by the blood of Ketevan and young Saakadze, and the Persian army marched on Georgia, having spent Isakhan. Saakadze, who met under their ceremonies the king of Teimuraz, the ruler of the Aragv Zurab and other princes, on the twelfth day of 1624, on the river Algetia, the Isakhan Empire rose, and From a small corral, he defeated the Bek of Yerevan, who came to the aid of Isakhan. But the victory was uncontrollably wrested from the hands of the Moravian by the spirit of confusion and distrust that reigned in the region - by the downfall of the recent past. Among those who died on the battlefield were Teimuraz, Prince of Mukhrani; On this fact, a dark feeling arose about the death of Tsar Teimuraz, who was killed by the enemy, and the army rebelled and marched in hopeless marches to Tiflis. The Persians were quick to reap this reward: the stinks fell behind the advances of the Georgians, mercilessly blaming them, and along the corpses they walked all the way to Tiflis, where they still continued to sit in the citadel of King Simon Khan.

The Georgian army no longer existed, and the land was dry. Ale Mourav Saakadze, having lost his courage and great spirit and having begun to feel boredom, most clearly revealed his gift, the partisan war. Once, sixty leaders rushed into the great rout of the Persian army that was descending from the city, and seven hundred Persian corpses were lost in the area. The totality of such feats created the very same thing, as the historian says, as terrible for the Persians as the strength of the Persians was terrible for Georgia. Isakhan was afraid of dissatisfaction with the small party, which would again blame Morav, and planned a campaign against the strong army in Kartli. Having learned about this, Saakadze began great preparations until the sustrich, the vashtovy mitsny heaps in the gorges of Gartiskarsky, and, most likely, he entered the gate, but the enemy of the Aragvsky erist, having passed through his water Persian corral under the Khosro-Mirzi line, lost marim and changed the chances fight and win.

A minute later, perhaps, it will be hard for Saakadze, who knows all the fruits of his special valor and military gifts. The memory of the evil that the kings of the Georgian land suffered from it, cheered for the failure of Trust before; And, in particular, Khosro-Mirzi, who arrived now, was preparing for himself a happy enemy. Just now, when the side son of the Georgian Mohammedan king, this Khosro, had no knowledge and marriage, having discovered the mighty intercession at the Persian court of Mourav Saakadze. The rest fell asleep with the idea of ​​​​preparing for a new rival and demise the hated Laursab, who was already in the hands of the Shah, in a state of imprisonment. And so it became like this. As if Mourav had a banquet, and he was sitting, serving with the Persians. Bachachi Khosro-Mirza, as soon as he enters, gets up hastily, walks playfully to the next step, asking him to take the first place, and he sits in a playful manner in the distance. Surprised Persians are wondering who is the Georgian prince and successor to the throne. Shah Abbas coveted the still unknown prince of blood and entered his year as governor of the city of Ispagani. This Khosro-Mirza is now the rival and enemy of Mourav himself.

Khosro-Mirza, with a strong corral, destroyed Saakadze and conquered him with a great victory among the warriors. Mourav had to sacrifice force, and again, with a small contribution from his army, he begins his partisan war. A number of people survived by chewing it everywhere, otherwise the stench could change the main course of the war. The battle in the gorges of the Ksani mouras brought such terrible guilt to the lava of the Persians that the river Ksan was covered with the corpses of the slain, and the blood was drawn from the water, but many of the enemies still passed the cramps, and never before Khosro-Mirza entered Tiflis. Kartli reconciled.

Ale Saakadze, without respecting his own, dealt with the loss. No longer a commander, but a “person, manipulating the ruins of a loving vindictiveness,” he, with the help of the Gverellias, continues a persistent, most heartfelt struggle against the hated Persians. Today you will break up its corral, tomorrow you will take the fort and inspect the garrison. This is the very hour to communicate with the Turks, asking them for help, to reconcile with the Eristav of Aragva and, conceiving a great plan for the liberation of Fatherlandism, hopes to gain Imeretia, Mengrelia and other principalities before the war.

Once again, Saakadze’s star shone brightly in his campaign against the Ossetians, who were quickly confronted by the inexorable and heavy camp of Georgia, in order to overcome it. Shvidko crossed Saakadze through the high mountains, covering a number of castles and spreading discord throughout the entire region, which was speeding up. The historian of this campaign conveys, among others, an upcoming fact that detracts from the magnanimous character of the Mourav. In one sense, when the Ossetians mortally wounded Saakadze’s friend and comrade, Prince Mochabeli, they wanted to cut off his head, throwing himself at the enemies and on the shoulders of the hero’s name, spilling blood.

Before the reign of Saakadze, no peaceful kingdoms were marked by the special victories of the Mourava. The land was falling between the arbitrary rule of its leader and the Persian yoke and, unfortunately, as time went on, it became more and more distorted, so that Moravia could not save Persia. Saakadze's instructions are important. Many of the aristocrats had already imagined an alliance with him, and every day his strength weakened. The people, weary of the uninterrupted war, have sunk into the world. The Eristav Aragvian Zurab suddenly changed the mourava, and if Saakadze fought against the new war, Zurab met with Teimuraz, and in the battle on the fields of the Bozaletsky army, the mourava was broken up. Then, powerless, losing all hope, he suddenly succumbs to fatherlyism and moves away to Constantinople. There, Saakadze’s name was once again missed throughout the entire Gathering. But fame itself served as the cause of his death. The team of the Turkish commander-in-chief (Vizier Azam, and after others - Vizier Khosrev Pasha), invoking the people of Constantinople's sensitivity, wrote to others: “What does the celebrity of the Mourava mean, who has closed your name? What kind of life is there that isn’t overwhelmed by glory?” The embarrassed vizier captured Saakadze and ordered to cut off his head (1629).

Thus, having perished the commander and the hero, his father’s land was rightly called the Georgian Alkibiades.

And behind the river before this, the ziyshov stood at the grave of Shah Abbas...

The death of Shah Abbas (1628) did not end for Georgia, prote, this era is the era of the insane Persian panic. This panova left such deep, crooked traces across the Georgian land that a century would not fade or erase it. The hour has come, in the history of the hour of the Mohammedan kings, the kings who were allotted to Persia, who were in it and went there for eternity in peace, - the dead Mohammedan kings were eventually transported to Persia.

This great and insignificant hour begins with a complete breakdown of the powers of the country, both physical and moral. Kakheti and Kartli lay desolate; Other kingdoms and princedoms, which were huddled in the hour of struggle, perhaps once again against a triumphal force, also did not survive the collapse. And at the other end of Georgia, the Turks established themselves: they took the Samkhet Atabek into their hands, and soon began to establish themselves in Islam, together with the Turkish forts (Akhaltsikhe and others). In the middle, old dynastic rifts and divisions are rising, but the center of their gravity is now moving to Tehran, where Georgian intrigues are flourishing. And the fragments of power lay under the shahs, who could not clearly dismember and unite Georgia, then inevitably another kind of turmoil settled in it - through the desecration of the tribal prince and feudal lord to independence. Swaville is lawless and has no power over its natural heritage.

The extent to which the power of the kings was undermined and isolated, as evidenced by Tsar Vakhtang VI himself, who in his “Laid Down”, seen at the beginning of the 18th century, spoke to others like this: “If a king can reign, let him reign; If you can’t, then don’t let us give priority to goodness and eternal life, otherwise you’ll be better off getting to the throne, even if you’re weak, because you’re guilty of that failure, if you can’t earn anything without the will of the great sovereign Shah!” In truth, of course, it was much more difficult to obtain the throne than to look forward to a new one; and taking away and wasting the kingdom through intrigues at the Persian court became a matter of urgency. Thus, King Teimuraz of Kakheti, who after the death of Shah Abbas (1629) came to unite Kakheti and Kartli under his scepter, soon loses both, turns the throne again and conquers again There are Mohammedan aspirants who achieve vipitati. . I can’t tell you that Teimuraz, who was driven out of trouble, more than once committed suicide for help to Russia, even traveling to Moscow, but Russia itself waged wars with Sweden and Poland and could not help distant faith.

Time and time before the Moscow Tsar began to develop a special character. Before the kings asked us for help against the infidels, now it’s one against one. History has preserved the memory of the coming crooked episode, in which hopes for Moscow were involved. The Imeretian Tsar Alexander III, without hesitation, fought against the ruler of the recently ordered Mengrelia, Levan Dadian, asking for protection from the Moscow Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich, and his intercession was accepted. Then Oleksandr’s younger brother, Mamuka, relied on the Russian help, having himself carried out a campaign against Mengrelia, but having sunk to Levan in full, he was blinded and died as a result of this terrible operation. How cruel and unruly Levan was, can be judged by this fact: having suspected his squad of partiality to one vizier, he eliminated those unfortunates from harmony, killing the squad and the departure of two of them.

There was a gloomy era of powerlessness in front of external enemies and at the same time fierce internal civil strife, which was interrupted by the wars of the Persians with the Turks, which were fought on Georgian territory, and by crooked raids in. Rozumovy and moral changes have changed. Literature took on a Persian character, and Persian became my panic; At the time of peace, the Georgians took up Persian literature; The rich and drinkable had Persian libraries; The surplus of ancient Georgian writing was stored in the monastery walls, and the reading of church books and letters began there, which was part of the current work of the Georgians. Because of the fear of Muslims, they did not dare even think about the foundation of public schools and the expansion of science. Bachachi, the death of the originality of witchcraft, rozumovaya and religion, many Georgian nicknames are looking for new witchcraft and hanging to Russia.

From the kings of this era, Vakhtang VI, famous as a chronicler and as a legislator, who published the “Ukladennya”, deserves respect. Originally a Christian, Vakhtang, compromising extreme circumstances, accepting modern Islam, and through the reign of the reign (1711-1724) in order to deliver victory to Christianity and directly earned even more richly. Thanks to these connections between other countries, they changed the history of Georgia and created favorable minds for its revival. Then the conquest of all Georgia by the Turks began. Having been defeated by them, Vakhtang was deprived of his duties and in 1724 a march marched to St. Petersburg, and the Turks immediately conquered Georgia and declared it a Turkish province.

Although the influx of Turks was important for Georgia, its invaluable inheritances were also small for it. The Percys, having lost the power of the land for an hour, lost their moral influx, and 1729 - the river of Georgia's defeat of the Turks in Volodya - puts an end to the Mohammedan kings. A decade has passed since then, and the hour of revival of science and literature has arrived. Persia was obliged to realize that in order to save its influx in Georgia it had to change its plans, and if Nadir Shah’s command was successful in winning their conquest from the Turks, in 1 744 having already recognized Christian kings to Georgia: Teimuraz II - in Kartli, And his son, Herakleia II, reached Kakheti. Teimuraz, who had a residence in Tiflis, first reintroduced the ancient rite of anointing and was crowned at the throne place of Mtskheta.

Since the death of Nader Shah in the half of the last century in Persia there is a decline in inter-indigenous wars for the collapse, which weakened their powers and allowed Georgia to die freely. Once happily united in the hands of father and son of the two most powerful Georgian kingdoms, the country could easily defeat the permanent enemies - the Lezgins, and at the same time internal disputes became less possible.

However, both Teimuraz and Irakli met with unforeseen misfortunes, which forced the first of them to go to St. Petersburg. There, born in 1762, seventy people died. His body was transported to Astrakhan and buried there at the local cathedral. Until this time, the tombstone inscription in Georgian was preserved to say: “Teymuraz Mikolayovich, the late king of Georgia, Kartli and Kakheti, who arrived in St. Petersburg in 1761 for the veneration of the Imperial Majesty, the monarch of All Russia ійської". It’s miraculous that ninety years later, in 1853, among the children who were preserved in the bookstores of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, they found a portrait of the Georgian king Teimuraz, miraculously painted from life by the artist Antropov. On the portrait there is the same inscription that is on the tombstone.

After the death of his father, Irakli conquered Kakheti and Kartli under his scepter (1762). Then a new rival from Russia appeared - Bakar, son of Vakhtang VI, who knew his friends in Tiflis, where the memory of the elder Kartlian dynasty was still fresh, but soon there would be confusion and back to Russia. Zhorstok punishment was meted out on his like-minded people, and in front of Avlabarsky they showed the food bank where their fires were burning.