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It is conoidal in appearance because it rotates on its fibers as it moves. It occurs in the proximal ankle region of the fossa to move in the direction of the tibia and inserted into its posterior edge, the cartilage covering of the veneer or lower shin articular, its fiber can reach the tibial ankle surface. Detail of the posterior region of the elbow and subtalar joints through the sagittal incision. Talcocral articular cavity. The cavity of the subatal joint. The superficial component of the posterior tibiophilar ligament.

The deep component of the posterior tibiophilar ligament or transverse ligament, which behaves like a real joint lip. Back tarnofibalny sheaf. Posterior intermolecular ligament. Observed arthroscopically through previous portals, many authors describe that the posterior tibiophilar ligament is easily visualized, but there are disputes regarding the transverse ligament. In anatomical and arthroscopic research, Golano et al. 22 showed that only the deep component of the posterior tibiophilar ligament or transverse ligament is visible arthroscopically, helping to clarify the intricate previous descriptions of this ligament.

Tibiofibular interosseous ligament. This is a dense mass of short fibers that jump from the tibia to the fibula, interspersed between adipose tissue and small vessels from the fibular artery. There are two ligaments, a lateral collateral ligament and a medial collateral.

Located in the outer part of the articulation, it consists of three beams, completely independent of each other. Of all the ankle ligaments, he is most often injured. It is a flat band, quadrangular, relatively strong and in close contact with the capsule. It is usually formed by two different lanes separated by an interval that allows the passage of the vascular branches from the perforating peroneal artery and its anastomosis with the lateral artery of the palms, with the upper lane larger than the lower lane. Sometimes there may be three bands, 11 although we have never observed this in our research.

However, it is striking that subsequent anatomical studies, such as Burks and Morgan25, as well as Milner and Soames 26, aimed at determining the anatomy of the components of the lateral ligament of the ligaments and its size, do not emphasize this aspect. In our studies, we have seen that the most common morphology of this ligament is that it consists of two bands, as mentioned by Sarrafian, 11 while they behave differently during ankle movements. During flexion, the upper or proximal band is weakened to increase its tension with continuation, while the lower or distal band is always in tension, regardless of the position of the ankle.

Lateral view of the components of the lateral connected ligament. Anterior tarnofibalnaya bunch, consisting of two bands, the more frequent dislocation. Maleolar articular surface scree. Rear calcaneal articular surface. The articular surface of the head is the tazus for the rook.

Mutually positive talcocanal ligament. Spinal skin ligament. In general, anterior talofibal ligament occurs in the anterior border of the lateral ankle. By its origin, it is directed before inserting into the body of debris, directly in front of the articular surface intended for the lateral ankle, in two small bone tubercles visible in anatomical bone preparations corresponding to the insertion of each of its bands. In the neutral position of the ankle, the ligament is almost horizontal, pointing upward in flexion and downward in stretching.

From these bands, the upper ones trim the beginning of the anterior tibiophilar ligament, and the lower one reaches the calcaneus; even in many specimens, these latter ligaments are connected by arcuate fibers in their ankle parentage 11. It is important to note that its origin does not extend to the tip of the ankle, leaving it free from ligamentous inserts, a detail that can be seen during ankle arthroscopy.

In the neutral position, the ligament is directed backwards, downwards and medially in order to insert itself into a small tubercle located in the posterior region of the lateral side of the calcaneus, in the posterior part of the perineal trochele. This ligament intersects superficially with the tendons of the perineum and their membranes, which can impress her. Approximately only 1 cm of ligament is exposed 11. His connection with the aforementioned ligament and its anatomical variations was the subject of research28. This bond has received little attention in relation to other bonds that make up the lateral binder binder.

Variations of their orientation were studied by Rut. During stretching, the heel bone is horizontalized, and when bent, the ligament is vertical, keeping its tension throughout the entire range of motion. The position of the thalus-valgus or varus significantly changes the angle formed by the ligament with respect to the longitudinal axis of the fibula. Thus, in the position of the valgus, the ligament will be relaxed and in the varus position it will be tense. This would justify the possibility of injury without movement of the ankle flexion.

Posterior astragoperoneal ligament. This is a thick ligament, intracapsular and extrasynovial, a beam and a very stable trapezoidal shape, located in an almost horizontal plane. It occurs on the medial surface of the lateral ankle in the ankle of the ankle, and by its origin, it passes horizontally to the rear polarization area of ​​the talus. Its fibers are inserted along the lateral aspect of the scree on a rough channel-like surface located along the rear lower border of the side scraper surface of the scree, and other longer fibers are inserted into the back surface of the scree.

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In the rear view, it takes on a triangular shape, with the apex in the lateral situation and the base in the medial situation. Rear view of the ankle ligaments. Posterolateral tubercle scree. Posterior tibiophilar ligament, superficial component. Posterior tibiophilar ligament, deep component or transverse ligament. Posterior intermolecular ligament or tibial arthroscopic bibliography. Osteophilic tunnel tendon tendon flexor tendon tendon tendon tendon tunnel.

Deep posterior tibiotar ligament. The band of the originating fiber of the upper edge of the ligament, not far from its origin, is directed upwards and medially in order to attach to the posterior edge of the tibia, mixing with the depth fibers the components of the tibiofibular ligament posteriorly, and can reach the posterior surface of the ankles of the medial edge shin.

Milner and Soames 26 reported the presence of the posterior intermaleolar ligament in 72% of the samples in their anatomical study. Golano et al. 22 identified him in all their dissections, as well as in the arthroscopic examination performed. Probably, and, in our opinion, this difference in results is due to the fact that the posterior intermaleolar ligament is small in size and its dissection requires high dexterity. In addition, this ligament can be divided into two or three separate lanes 36, some of which may not reach the bone and be inserted into the ankle joint capsule.

This last aspect should be considered, especially during arthroscopic observation, in order to avoid confusion with the trauma of the aforementioned ligament. As already mentioned, the ankle ligaments have received little attention. Schematic representation of the permanent components of the medial collateral ligament, described by Milner and Soamsom41. Supermedial scaly ligament. The anterior segment or anterior colliculus descends approximately 0, 5 cm more than the posterior segment or the posterior colliculus 11.

Side view distal pineal gland  right tibia. Intercollicular cutting. Rarely described in the literature, despite its important role in the stability of the ankle joint40. We used to talk about the qualities of a healthy joint compared to an unhealthy joint. We discuss the various reasons why articulation can become unhealthy, and management techniques that can help maintain a healthy joint, allow the horse athlete longer and more productive run and the importance of a complete lameness test using diagnoses to determine exactly the area and cause of lameness or pain. .

In this case, we assume that a diagnosis and a complete study of lameness were carried out and that the source of lameness was located in one or more specific joints. With this information, the trainer, the owner and the veterinary team can use the latest information to decide which course of therapy is best for all participants, with the horse being the highest priority. Preventing prevention is always a good place to start good health. Long-term health begins with genetics during reproduction; Choosing horses with a healthy joints history is an important step in preventing lameness.

The legs are the basis of the bone column of the foot. Because of this, a well-balanced and trimmed helmet helps to significantly prevent abnormal joint wear, allowing you to balance the pressure in the connection from one side to the other, instead of tightening on one side of the joint and loosening on the other side. Another Joint on an unbalanced foot, for example, with a short, long-legged foot, wears out like the edge of an uncoordinated car.

Also note that some training methods lend themselves to healthy joints. Preventive Supplements There are many supplements for the joints, which involve doing everything from dissolving broken fractures to improving joint health, increasing the level of hyaluronic acid in the joints, to eliminate osteochondrosis of the desiccant. These supplements are classified as nutraceuticals.

There are some companies that conduct thorough research to test their products, but many do not. Be careful with the phrases that are “tested in the clinic” and “approved by veterinarians”. These phrases mean different things for different companies. Be sure to use a reliable product. There are other drugs that can help protect the joint. Polysulfadoglycosaminoglycan, marketed as Adecane, was found to enter the joint after intramuscular injection. Depending on the horse’s training program, a weekly, fortnightly, or monthly injection program can help maintain a well-balanced joint, helping to co-produce our own hyaluronic acid and reduce enzymes and inflammation that are harmful to the joint.