Otitis media in adults. Antibiotics and ear drops from otitis media in adults and children.

Otitis is an inflammatory process in the ear, accompanied by general and local symptoms, often quite pronounced. The disease occurs in different age categories.

Characteristic pathology

The main causes of otitis are:


Otitis proceeds, as a rule, in an acute form with pronounced signs.  Regardless of the form of otitis, the following symptoms are almost always present in the clinic of the disease:

It will need to be seen again within 48 hours. Sometimes there is an oscillatory abscess. Otoscopy shows a drop back wall  channel and arc in the udder tympanum. Hospitalization is necessary when scanning a rock or even cerebral bone to search for intracranial enlargement. Surgery treats subhemostatic abscess.

From the table of subacute mastoiditis, more often with different antibiotics without full recovery, changes in Otoscopy are close to the previous and persistent otorrhea, but no common signs. Hospitalization is usually recommended for evaluation. It can rarely produce real neurological complications: meningitis, cerebellum and cerebral abscess, lateral sinus thrombophlebitis.

  • pain syndrome;
  • fever;
  • headacheweakness;
  • ear discharge;
  • noise in the ear, feeling of stuffiness in the ear.

Also, inflammatory diseases of the ear can occur with specific symptoms characteristic of a particular form of otitis.

It is believed that the ear - this is what we see outside. However, the structure of the ear is not limited to the auricle, but is a rather complex organ consisting of cavities, passages and canals. In the structure of the ear, there are three sections:

Perhaps spontaneous healing without antibiotics, as demonstrated relatively recently by studies against placebo. It follows 3 stages of evolution, and perforation can be residual or or treatable. The healing criteria are based on the disappearance of the general functional signs of discharge, normal hearing and normal otoscopy. Ear infections that recover spontaneously are those that are less symptomatic in older patients.

The treatment is mainly based on antipyretics and analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have not proven to be effective. For children, nasopharyngeal disinfection is offered. Branhamella is usually sensitive to 90% penicillins. In case of allergy to beta-lactamines: erythromycin-sulfafurazole in children under 6 years of age and pristinamycin up to more than 6 years. Intramuscular ceftriaxone should remain the exclusive means after specialized consultations.



All parts of the ear are anatomically and functionally interconnected. The organ of hearing functions in full under the condition of a safe environment in all its departments.

The main forms of otitis

Due to various reasons, an inflammatory process may occur in each of the ear sections. Depending on the localization of the pathological process, specialists distinguish several types of otitis.

For 2 years, it is no longer recommended from the very beginning, if there is no specific situation with infectious risks. The duration of antibiotic therapy is from 8 to 10 days to 2 years and 5 days after 2 years. At the stagnant stage, antibiotic therapy is not recommended, and the patient should be reviewed. In case of otitis media, antibiotic therapy remains a specialized remedy if symptoms persist for 3 months. If the eardrums are not visible or even not visible: blind antibiotics should not be prescribed.

The defeat of the organ of hearing can also occur in mixed form, when it affects two, less often - three sections at the same time. But most often the disease is local.

Up to 3 months, it is also exceptional due to anaerobic microbes that require paracentesis for sampling. Topical antibiotics are ineffective and dangerous in case of otitis perforation for combinations containing aminoglycosides, such as neomycin due to ototoxicity. Tetracycline-based specialties are not indicated in the case of dry tympanic perforation.

The main symptom of the atrium is pain, aloof, when it comes to the grief of the ear itself, reflex earache in the next attack. With serous otitis, there is a chronic retrotypical effusion without infectious signs that occur for more than 2 months. This is usually the reason for the difficult viral infection bacterial superinfection. They are frequent in children and reflect the first contact with external microbes. In general, this leads to moderate bilateral hearing loss and discrete pain, and in children completely extraterrestrial signs, especially behavioral, including a delay in the acquisition of language.

Principles of Disease Therapy

Self-treatment of otitis media in both children and adults is extremely contraindicated. If symptoms occur, indicative of development inflammatory process  in the ear, be sure to seek medical advice. Only a specialist can correctly diagnose and prescribe otitis media.

Tympanum whitish, convex, slightly inflammatory. Spontaneous recovery is common, and there are several treatments that have proven to be effective, in addition to trans-drum aerators in situations with significant hearing loss, persistent, disabling in children with severe or drum-retraction.

A common cause of archives is obstruction of the auditory canal with a fork of a chronic cerum, often swelling after bathing. Foreign bodies are frequent. Sulfur plugs  the cap must be removed carefully, often fragmenting the wash pipe with soapy water, foreign bodiesextracted with a small amount of necessary equipment, sometimes with local anesthesia.

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The basic principles of treatment of otitis in an adult:

Otalgia is intense and aggravated by the mobilization of the flag, a permanent otorheya. Sometimes there is pain when chewing in proximity to the mandibular condyle. Rock scanner: malignant external otitis. Scintigraphy for malignant external otitis media. Boiling on the outer third of the channel causes pain, but without discharge if it is not punctured.

The channel of eczema, during an outbreak, may be slightly inflammatory, but gives more itching than pain. Most of the time, treatment is based only on local care, preventing any additional injury, especially the cotton stalk. Local antibiotics  via ear drops sometimes used with locks, flared cushions or drains for proper use on site. Consider using local antifungal medications if the etiology seems more fungal. Common antibiotics are indicated only in cases of fever and are already signs of suspected perichondritis, and in case of malignant otitis, hospitalization is indicated for intravenous antibiotic therapy.








Most often traumatic wounds from the external auditory canal, eardrum  injury approximately barotrauma, an explosion in rocky cracks or drum bone fracture condyle. The atrial area can cause bleeding from vesicles. Chronic otitis media with inflammatory polyps can also bleed. Benign or malignant tumors  the auditory canal and even the middle ear can lead to moderate ororrhagia at the onset. This is an obvious effusion. cerebrospinal fluid  from the ear to the cervical spine, indicating a violation of meningitis associated with the tympanic breccia or external auditory canal.

Antibiotic Ottoma Pharmacotherapy

So, with the development of otitis, in addition to anti-inflammatory, antihistamines and analgesics, antimicrobial therapy is shown. When should antibiotics be used for general treatment, and in which cases it is better to do without them?

Treatment of otitis externa antibiotics:



Also in both cases, otitis externa is prescribed, in addition to drugs acting systemically, local treatment:

Natural remedies for otitis

Endoscopic surgery for chronic otitis. It may be caused by a cold, infection. respiratory tract, trauma, swimming. This mainly affects children, but adults will not be spared. The essential oil you need is radiation.


In addition, if an ear infection is associated with: a drop of 5 drops essential oil  from neyuli on a clean handkerchief and breathe regularly.


  • Apply 1 clean drop of massage on the ear 3 times a day.
  • Apply 2 drops of massage around the ear.
  • Do not do during pregnancy.
The indicated doses are indicated for adults only.

  1. After surgical opening of the furuncle of the outer ear, washing of the abscess with sterile Furacilin solution is indicated, and an alcohol solution of Levomycetin can also be used for local disinfection.
  2. With diffuse inflammation in the outer auditory canal  Drops containing antibiotics may be prescribed - Normaks, Otofa, Sofradex. At defeat auricle It is necessary to use an external agent in the form of a cream, ointment, solution containing antifungal active substances - Lamisil, Exoderil, Clotrimazole, Mycoral.
In addition to systemic antibiotics in the treatment of otitis media, local drugs are used - ear drops containing antimicrobial active substances:
  1. Ear drops containing one antibacterial substance - Tsipromed, Normaks, Unifloks, Otof.
  2. Ear drops containing a combination of antimicrobial components with other drugs that have anti-inflammatory properties - Candiotics, Polydex, Dexon, Sofradex.






He alone can confirm the diagnosis and, if necessary, prescribe a treatment adapted to your type of otitis. Heat can relieve pain: put a hot water bottle on your ear, a dry cloth. Otitis is always accompanied by inflammation and pain, the intensity of which is proportional to the damage of the pathogen: headache to the touch, discharge of purulent material from the ear canal associated with pain, sore throat, fever, fever, closed nose, cough.

Complications: piercing piercing, hearing loss, itching, ear noise. . Information about Otitis drugs does not intend to replace the direct link between the doctor and the patient. Because otitis media is dependent on a bacterial or viral infection, antidepressants are antibiotics and antiviral drugs that are directed directly against responsible pathogens.

Treatment inner ear  almost always based on the treatment of the underlying disease that threatens the life of the patient - meningitis, sepsis, cranial trauma, etc. The treatment is strictly in hospital with the use of a combined phased antibacterial treatment.

It is important to understand that otitis is serious inflammatory diseasewhich can lead to life-threatening conditions.

In the case of secretion of otitis media, the antibiotic may not be sufficient to overturn the pathology. In this case, the doctor may advise the patient to undergo a procedure that drains the accumulated fluid inside the middle ear. You can also take medicine to combat pain, fever and speed up the healing time of the disease: in this case, the patient may take analgesics, local or systemic.

Below are the classes of drugs most commonly used in the treatment of otitis media, as well as some examples of drug specialization: the doctor must choose the active ingredient and the most appropriate posture for the patient, depending on the severity of the disease, on the patient's health and response to care.

If you experience otitis, you should urgently ask for medical care. Only a doctor will be able to correctly diagnose the disease and prescribe a rational treatment. This will avoid the development of complications affecting other organs and systems, prevent a decrease or complete loss of hearing.

Your body tends to be healthy, help him with this!

Pain treatment for otitis media. Paracetamol or acetaminophen: This drug is useful for reducing fever, a typical symptom that usually accompanies otitis media. It is recommended to inject 4 drops of the drug in the ear affected by external otitis, repeat the application 3-4 times a day for 10 days. You can also take two antibiotics without hydrocortisone: the application is strictly local. Apply the product, prepared as a cream or gel, directly in the ear, 2 or more times a day, in accordance with the instructions of the doctor.

  • Do not exceed 4 g per day.
  • The product should be applied directly to the ear.
  • This drug uses its therapeutic activity when applied topically.
Antibiotic treatment for otitis media: antibiotics can act systemically or carry out their therapeutic activity at the local level.

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For the treatment of acute otitis media, it is recommended to inoculate 10 drops in the affected ear once a day for 7 days. To treat otitis media, keep the same dose, but prolong therapy for 14 days. For children with otitis, the dose should be reduced depending on age, severity and condition. When a patient does not respond positively to topical antibiotic treatment, oral or intravenous antibiotics can be taken in the most severe cases. The drug can take local applicationcooked in the form of drops. . A swimmer can be treated with a banquet treatment and takes place within a few hours.

  • frequent respiratory catarrhal and viral diseases;
  • ARVI with long and heavy current;
  • persistent pustular skin lesions;
  • increase lymph nodes;
  • fungal infection of the nails, skin and mucous membranes (onychomycosis, candidiasis);
  • tuberculosis infection in any forms and manifestations;
  • resistant to treatment and constantly recurrent diseases of the respiratory tract, nasal sinuses, urinary system;
  • poor wound healing;
  • general weakness, chronic fatigue.

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It is clear that if the pain was too severe or if it should last for several days, it is better to consult with your doctor or specialist to understand the causes of your pain. ear pain  and its true nature. Let's look at what otitis is without a prescription and what home remedies we can use to combat ear pain.

Ear drops for external otitis

In most cases, otitis exogenous is caused by environmental factors with increasing risk factors such as exposure to chlorine pool, persistent penetration and balsam, aquatic microorganisms present in sea ​​water, heat and humidity. In the case of pain, it may be helpful to take paracetamol, which has a “analgesic effect” or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that counteracts the process, as well as pain. In case of pain in the ears without a puncture of the eardrum, ear drops can be used. They contain painkillers, and in some cases also antibiotics.

Ear dropseffective remedy  with otitis. Their advantage is that the medicine goes directly to the site of the lesion, which is important for inflammation of the middle ear. However, drops are a serious remedy; it can be dangerous to use it thoughtlessly. Therefore, it is important to know which is better in each particular situation.

It is important to remember that the treatment of otitis is always complex. Therapies are selected only by the doctor after the diagnosis, depending on the nature and severity of the disease, medications and procedures are prescribed. Therefore, it is better not to try to pick up the ear drops yourself, you should immediately go through necessary studies  and get the right recommendations.

What drops can be used

In general, all the drops can be divided into three groups:

  1. Drops based on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  2. Drops based on antibacterial agents.
  3. The combined drops with glucocorticosteroids and with an antibiotic.

Also, when otitis is sometimes used vasoconstrictor drops  in the nose if there is a runny nose or severe swelling. For example, Naphthyzinum, Sanorin, Xymelin and others.


Properly chosen medications will help you achieve a speedy recovery. The main thing is not to delay treatment acute otitis  may become chronic if neglected full therapy.

Important! If the condition does not improve or worsen during treatment with drops, you should again contact your doctor.

To benefit from the drug was most noticeable, you need to be able to use it correctly. Drops - drugs local actiontherefore, the result of treatment depends on a more accurate application of the medicine. The general instillation rules are as follows:

  1. You need to lie on your side, the sick side up.
  2. When instillation, you need to pull the lobe down, this will straighten the ear canal.
  3. Drops with the introduction should be comfortable temperature. Before instillation, you can allow the medicine to stand at room temperature or rub the bottle in your hands. You can hold the pipette in hot water, the drops themselves are not worth it, they can spoil.
  4. It is impossible to drip directly. Before the introduction of the need to put in the ear cotton turunda, then drip the medicine. If the eardrum is damaged, direct instillation can cause hearing loss.


Compliance with these rules will help make the treatment most effective. The intricacies of dropping may vary depending on the course of the disease and the drug chosen.

Otipaks

Otipaks is a proven otitis media. It has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, is more effective from external otitis and early stages  medium until the eardrum is damaged. After its perforation Otipaks contraindicated.

Otpiaks has almost no contraindications: drops are suitable for adults and for children, even infants. Pregnant and lactation period with caution. Otipaks can cause allergies, so it is best to consult a doctor.


Important! Otipaks should not be combined with other drugs.

3-4 drops are dripped up to three times a day, the dosage is specified by the otolaryngologist. The course usually lasts less than two weeks.

Sofradex

Sofradex - antibiotic drops with strong anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial action. It is used in the treatment of otitis media, sometimes helps with the disease of an allergic nature. Of the minuses of the drug - burning and itching in the ear after instillation, appears in most cases.

The drug is contraindicated in newborns, during lactation and during pregnancy. There are other contraindications.


Apply 2-3 drops up to four times a day, depending on the severity of the disease.

Anauran

Anauran - a drug with a strong anesthetic and antiviral effect, is especially widely used for purulent otitis. The drug is suitable for the treatment of chronic and acute forms.

Anauran is contraindicated in children up to one year old, it is used with caution during pregnancy and lactation. For a long time  Anauran can not be used, there is an antibiotic in the composition, with long-term administration, strong side effects.


3-5 drops of medicine are dripped up to four times a day, depending on the severity of the disease and the age of the patient.

Otofa

Otofa - cheap drops from otitis, a strong antibiotic. It is used for acute and chronic diseases  ear as an antibacterial agent, against the pain this medicine is not used.

Instill 3-5 drops three times a day, depending on the age of the patient and the course of the disease. Often these drops refer to the means for children, but Otof is contraindicated for pregnant women.

Otinum

Otinum - cheap drops with a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, help with otitis different typesincluding fungal. Otinum almost no contraindications, allergic reactions are extremely rare.


Otinum can not be used if the eardrum is damaged, the content of salicylic acid can damage hearing.

Normaks

Normaks - antibiotics for otitis in adults, children under 18 years of age, during pregnancy and lactation can not drip them. The drug can cause severe allergies, therefore, before using a specialist consultation is necessary, perhaps weaker means are suitable. From the advantages of this medicine - low price.


Tsiprofarm drops

Tsiprofarm used in diseases of the eye and ear, this medicine has a pronounced antimicrobial effect. It is permissible to use after surgery in order to prevent complications.

3-4 drops are dropped every 12 hours depending on the age of the patient. The course should not last more than a week. Tsiprofarm can children after a year.

Important! If there is an allergy to the medication, you should consult a doctor and choose another drug.

Other otitis media

There are other drugs that can be buried in the ear with otitis, but their effectiveness is controversial. They should be used only if you consult a doctor or purchase specialized drops is not possible.

Levomycetin

This tool can only be used for purulent otitis. Pregnant, lactating and children up to the year of Levomycetinum is absolutely impossible. This drug is available in different forms, Levomycetin solution is suitable for the treatment of ear disease.


Drops 2-3 drops of the solution no more than three times a day. Frequency can change only with the permission of the attending physician. Levomitsetin is usually used in the complex, if there is a lot of secretions, the form of otitis is heavy, the medicine will not act fully.

Important! It is not recommended to use Levomycetin for long allergic reactions, angioedema.

Boric alcohol

Boric alcohol is considered outdated treatment ear diseasesHowever, some prefer to use it because of its low price and availability. The use of boric alcohol is controversial, so it is better to use it if other treatments are not available.

Boric alcohol can be dripped into the ear, preheating it in a water bath. Cold liquid may increase pain sensations. Adults drop three drops about four times a day. Drip with a pipette


A safer way is to drip with a cotton pad. A few drops of boric alcohol are applied to a turunda or a small twisted wad of cotton, then it is inserted into the ear. It is better to do the procedure in the evening, turunda should be left in the ear for the night.

Important! Use boric alcohol  if the eardrum is damaged, it is strictly prohibited.

There are other contraindications and side effects in which boric alcohol can be dangerous:

  1. Pregnancy, lactation, age up to three years. Also, boric alcohol can not be used for violations of the liver and kidneys, with the likelihood of allergies.
  2. Toxic effects boric acid. Usually appear if the treatment with alcohol lasts more than ten days, the procedure is carried out too often.
  3. When using boric alcohol, nausea, vomiting, confusion, convulsions, and other symptoms of intoxication may occur. In this case, an urgent need to consult a doctor.

With careful use of boric alcohol can have a beneficial effect in otitis.

Vodka

If the acute stage develops rapidly and appear severe painaccompanied by inflammation, you can put vodka in your ear, it is better to make a compress with it. This will temporarily weaken the course of the disease and help bring it down to seek professional medical care.

It is necessary to slightly warm the vodka, just a couple of drops. The pain should ease for a while. For a compress, you need to put a few drops of vodka on a cotton roller, attach it to your ear and tie it to your head with a bandage, you can wrap a scarf on top to maintain heat. Compress can be left overnight.


Important! Pure alcohol can not be used, the strength of the solution should not be higher than the strength of vodka.

Currently there is a huge selection various means  and ear drops with a different principle of action, with which you can quickly and relatively easily cure otitis media and prevent it from developing into a chronic form.