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The child has an ear trestle with pressure. Ear trestle: structure and function

The human auricle has a rather complex structure that allows you to capture various sounds from the environment and at the same time protect internal organs hearing from its negative factors. It consists of many different elements, each of which has its own function. Including a small cartilage formation - auricle tragus.

Structure and function

Ear Trestle - what is it in terms of anatomy? This is an elastic protrusion of fairly soft cartilage tissue, covered with thin skin, under which there are many nerve endings. There is no fat under the skin, so the ear trestles have a high sensitivity. Their main function is connected with this.

A person can hear, as the ear picks up sound vibrations, collecting them like a bowl locator. But just to determine the direction in which the sound source is located, the trestles help. They begin to vibrate under the influence of the sound wave and amplify the signal, while simultaneously orienting the person in the right direction due to the sensitivity of the nerve endings.

In men, the trestle is often covered with hairs. They further enhance the sensitivity of this organ, since their vibrations from sound waves irritate the tragus nerves, which are located close to the skin. But many consider the hair growing on the ears to be an unaesthetic phenomenon and remove them.

But, besides orientation, the trestle has other functions:

By the way, the tragus is a paired organ. It is located at the base of the temporal bone at the entrance to the auditory opening, and the second such protrusion is located at the base of the antihelix. Separates them interfluenza notch. The paired organ is called the protivokokelk. It performs the same orientation function, but for sounds that emanate from the front. It is interesting that animals have a trestle, but in them this organ is very important and much more pronounced.

A small percentage of people in the ear have another cartilaginous growth, which doctors call additional tragus auricle. It is usually formed before birth under the influence of negative factors affecting a pregnant woman, such as:

taking antibiotics and other strong drugs;
severe infectious diseases;
severe or prolonged intoxication, including caused by bad habits;
radiation or ionizing radiation.

Most often, the additional trestle is formed in boys. It may not have cartilage tissue, but be a soft, leathery formation, in which cartilage tissue is completely absent. With small sizes, it is almost imperceptible, but sometimes it strongly protrudes and distorts the perception of the shape of the auricle by other people.

The additional trestle has no effect on the severity of hearing, so it is usually not removed. But for aesthetic purposes, an operation can be carried out to reach the age of majority, when the auricle is finally formed.

Using the tragus

The sensitivity of the tragus perfectly helps otolaryngologists in the diagnosis ear diseases. In a healthy person, the trestle is painless and has the same color as the auricle. If, when pressed on the trestle, the ear begins to hurt more - this is a clear signal that there is an active inflammatory process.

Change in color or shape of trestles auricles also signals problems with the organ of hearing. Red tragus says in the ear severe inflammation, possibly, purulent otitis. An underdeveloped trestle may indicate that the person has a congenital hearing pathology.

Fashionable today, piercing is often done on trestles. Such a puncture looks original, but it can only be done by an experienced professional cosmetologist. If the piercing is incorrect, the earring can pass through the site of the accumulation of nerve endings and constantly cause pain.

A wound infection causes otitis of the outer or middle ear. Damage to cartilage tissue, followed by suppuration disrupts the natural function of the tragus. So it is better to choose a safer place to puncture.

Considering the structure of the ear, the question arises: what is a tragus. This education is an important functional element. In addition, allocate protivogosy and additional. All of them are cartilaginous elements of the human auricle. At the same time, it is worth distinguishing what is the norm and what is a sign of anatomical anomalies.

The tragus and its functions

For starters, you should consider the tragus. It is located on. In appearance, it is a small cartilaginous growth covered with skin. He stands over auditory canal. This arrangement is not accidental. This element performs a number of functions:

reflects the sound coming from the side or from the back;
helps to determine the source of noise, and more precisely, its location;
allows you to diagnose certain diseases of the external and middle ear;
partially protects the ear canal from contamination.

The tragus can be pierced. This piercing looks unusual and original, but it can be done only with highly qualified specialists so that the puncture does not lead to inflammation of the cartilage of the auricles and other negative consequences.

In shape and size, all the trestles are different, depending on the structure and characteristics of human ears. In case of pathologies associated with deformation or underdevelopment of the external part of the hearing organs, anomalies associated with this element can be observed.

With this disease, as otitis, as well as some other diseases, by pressing on the trestle it is possible to establish the presence of inflammation and the development of purulent processes. They are revealed by sharp pain and redness of the tragus in some cases.

Antine Tank and Accessory Tragus

There is also an antitrack, which is located on the opposite part of the ear, that is, through the ear canal. It is less noticeable than the trestle, which, however, does not detract from its functions.

The protivogokolok serves as a tool for reflecting sound waves when a source of oscillations is found in front of a person. A small protrusion above the ear lobe helps to perceive some frequencies better, as if adjusting the organ to receive them.

This organ is clearly visible in cats. It is located outside the sink and has the appearance of a leathery pocket. In humans, it is represented exclusively by cartilaginous tissue with skin.

A specific variety is the additional trestle. Under normal development, it is absent. In fact, this is an anatomical anomaly, which in most cases carries absolutely no threat to human health.

In most cases, the additional trestle is noticed immediately in a newborn baby. Sometimes it is so small in size that it goes unnoticed. for a long time. Despite the fact that it can be detected already in adulthood, this growth is a birth defect. It is inherited extremely rarely.

The reasons for this formation near the ear or directly on the shell itself can be:

pregnancy pathology;
maternal illnesses during gestation;
bad habits of women;
late childbirth;
antibiotic treatment and potent drugs;
ionizing radiation.

Basically, the tendency to the appearance of an additional tragus is observed in boys. This formation can be soft and consist entirely of leathery growth or hard, due to the presence of cartilage tissue. It does not perform any useful function. The negative influence is mainly associated with the aesthetic perception of the organs of hearing and the face of a person.

Elimination of defects

If a person has such a defect as an additional tragus, it can be rather easily got rid of. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the patient’s state of health, as there are some contraindications for carrying out the procedure of excision of education:

recent infectious diseases;
diabetes;
circulatory disorders, particularly in the ear;
hemophilia and other problems associated with blood clotting.

The optimal age for ear correction is preschool. At the age of 7 years, the child has not fully formed the cartilage of the auricle, and therefore it will be much easier and safer to cut the soft growth. As the cartilage hardens, the procedure becomes more problematic both in terms of surgery and recovery after it.

The additional tragus is excised with a scalpel. Next, stitches are applied to the wound, which are removed after 5-7 days. If there is a small skin bump that does not have a cartilaginous base, the removal can be done with a laser. Both methods are completely safe and do not leave noticeable marks after wound healing. Both local and general anesthesia is used.

General anesthesia is necessary for small children so that they do not move during the operation.

The structure of the ear is thought out to the smallest detail, and each element plays a role. The tragus helps to catch sound signals and therefore it is not recommended to injure it. But you can safely get rid of the extra, if it causes you discomfort, although this procedure is not mandatory for its isolated location.

The smallest are not immune from earache. The next morning, after walking lightly in the cold, you may feel a pain in the ear region, radiating to the head.

But the insidiousness of this symptom is that it is characteristic of different diseasesthat require a different approach. What to do? If the pain is pulling, not pulsating, if there is no temperature and purulent discharge from the ear (in these cases, you must immediately run to the doctor), you can recover yourself. What to do? It is very rarely possible to completely cure yourself of the pain in the tooth. Therefore, as soon as possible, consult a dentist who will accurately name the cause of the pain and begin treatment.

When pressing on the trestle of the legal ear, I feel sharp pain. What is it?

All this can lead to the spread of infection. External otitis - The disease is very common, people of all ages are ill. At the same time, there are many diseases of the outer ear. They are divided into infectious and non-infectious. Contact with the injured or moisturized skin of the outer ear leads to the development of inflammation.

Pain can be removed by taking painkillers inside ("Ketanov" and others). With the development of the furrow of the external passage, it is necessary to remove the purulent contents, i.e. need a relaxing little incision. Pain in the ear can also become one of the complications of diseases such as tonsillitis or sinusitis.

Also, inflammation of the outer ear or the auricle can also cause pain. In this case, it is worthwhile to postpone swimming or flying, as this may cause increased pain and unpleasant consequences in the form of ear diseases.

The pain is usually localized in the ear, but may also be in the frontal part. Such pain occurs very quickly, is acute and may be accompanied by fever and dizziness.

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In general, headaches are characteristic of complex forms of otitis or complications of an existing infection. The nature of the pain can be defined as pulling.

The pain can be dull and acute, depending on the characteristics of the human body. He checks his ear with an otoscope.

Treatment pain sensations in the ears depends on the extent of infection and diagnosis. At temperatures above 38.5 degrees, which can occur with colds, acetaminophen or ibuprofen is used to reduce pain in the ear. The action of these drugs is enough to reduce the pain for 1-2 hours. But, during sleep, the pain may increase.

If the pain in the ear is similar to a shock, the cause is neuralgia, if it occurs with pressure on the trestle in otitis.

It is worth starting with a warm and warming compress on sore ear. You need to put it 2-3 times a day for 2-4 hours. If, in addition to pain in the ears, there is also a fever, a compress is not recommended.

Outer ear - consists of the auricle and outer auditory canal (Fig. 1 and 2). Most of the auricle has a cartilaginous framework covered with perchondrium and skin. Its lower part - the lobe - is formed by fatty tissue, covered with skin. The muscles of the auricle are rudimentary. The ear cavity passes into the external auditory canal, which is an oval section tube with an average length (in an adult) of about 2.5 cm. The diameter of the external auditory canal varies (reaches 0.7-1 cm) not only in different persons, but also in different parts of it. The external auditory canal consists of fibro-cartilaginous and bone sections. The length of the latter reaches 16 mm. The fibro-cartilaginous part (and partly bone) is bordered from below and in front with the parotid salivary gland (see). As a result, a breakthrough of the abscess of the parotid gland sometimes occurs in the external auditory canal through the so-called Santorinian gaps existing in it. The front wall of the external auditory canal is bordered by the lower joint. This explains severe pain during chewing movements with a boil in the external auditory canal. Injury lower jaw may be accompanied by damage to the anterior-lower wall of the external auditory canal.

The posterior bone wall of the external auditory canal is formed by the anterior wall mastoid (cm. ); in its depth passes facial nerve. The upper wall is bordered by the middle cranial fossa. The blood supply of the auricle and the fibro-cartilaginous part of the external auditory canal is provided by the branches of the external carotid artery system, and the bone - by the branches of the internal maxillary artery. The auricle is innervated by the branches of the upper cervical plexus, facial, wandering and trigeminal nerve, external auditory canal - branches of the vagus and trigeminal nerve.

Fig. one. Human auricle (structure): 1 - trestle; 2 - external auditory canal; 3 - cross-cut; 4 - protivogokolok; 5 - earlobe; in and 8 - curl; 7 - protivozavitok.
Fig. 2 Outer and middle ear: 1 - external auditory canal; 2 - eardrum; 3 hammer; 4 - the anvil; 5 - stirrup; 6 - drum cavity; 7 - stirrup muscle; 8 - drum part of the temporal bone; 9 - auricle.

The skin lining the fibro-cartilaginous part of the external auditory canal has hairs and cerumenal glands (secreting the auricular). The skin of the bony part is thinned, devoid of hair and glands.

Pathology. Anomalies of the development of the external ear are manifested in a decrease or increase in its size (microtia and macrotia), fusion (atresia) of the ear canal, the presence of fistulas. Fistulas more often are slightly higher than the trestle. A yellow, viscous liquid is sometimes released from their orifice. In addition to congenital cicatricial atresia and strictures after burns and injuries are observed. From skin diseases can be observed dermatitis (see), (see), (see), erysipelas (see

In medical articles, the ear trestle is often mentioned - what is it? The strange name has nothing to do with the same animal and denotes a small part of the auricle. Moreover, the trestle of the ear is characteristic of both human ears and the beast, for example, a cat or a bat. Fully dispense with such an important organ ear can not. Why?

The main definition of the body and structure

The ear trestle is part of the auricle, the cartilaginous process.On the contrary, the protivogkozok is located, that is, the less perceptible cartilage. The body plays important functions:

Sometimes there is an additional trestle, but this is a defect requiring surgical intervention.

Typical diseases

Auricle trestles make it easy to diagnose otitis in young children. It is necessary to gently put pressure on the ear, in the area of the tragus and the baby will give out a pain cry.

In case of ear disease with a periliphatic fistula, pressure on the trestles provokes dizziness and twitching of the eyeballs.

In otitis, in particular, the ear tragus is inflamed, which is provoked by:

Injury (even minor);
Prolonged exposure to ear water;
Allergy auricle.

Pathology has characteristic symptoms:

Pain, if you put pressure on the trestle of the ear, or when the auricle is pulled aside;
Enlarged lymph nodes;
The ear is swollen;
Hearing loss;
The tragus is inflamed and itches, especially when there is a fungal infection.

Otitis is treated in various and quite effective ways:

Antibiotics - it is important to determine in advance the pathogen and select the appropriate means;
Allergy-free drugs - relieve swelling;
Antifungal medications - if the causative agent is fungal bacteria;
Painkillers and anti-inflammatory substances;
Vitamins - for maintaining immunity in a tone.

Timely measures will allow for the most effective treatment.

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Additional cartilage defects

Sometimes there is a strange anomaly - an additional tragus. This is an extra process near the auricle. Such a formation is not dangerous - but for aesthetic purposes it is often removed surgically. An additional segment is usually not inherited and occurs in cases of:

Disorders of prenatal development - the mother’s illness and her bad habits, which were transferred during this period, usually play a role;
Weariness;
Abuse of medications.

An additional trestle is more common in boys - representing cartilage or leathery bulge, which does not play a practical role. Therefore, the growth is often removed, in the absence of recent infectious pathologies, diabetes mellitus, problems with blood circulation and blood clotting. It is desirable to remove an extra segment until the age of seven, until the cartilage is completely formed.

Then to carry out such an operation will be problematic. The process is excised with a scalpel, followed by suturing. If the formation is not cartilaginous, the use of a laser is permissible. The procedure is done under local or general anesthesia. It leaves almost no scars. General anesthesia is eliminated to small patients, excluding occasional body movements. If the additional trestle does not interfere, it is better not to touch it. Any surgery carries the risk of possible complications.

Prevention methods: massage

Wow o requires careful treatment and proper care. The ear tragus can be affected by pressure and rubbing, having a beneficial effect on the blood circulation, near the ears, as well as on the whole organism.

Persons who do not own massage techniques at a professional level, it is recommended to carry out the following manipulations with the ears:

Pull the ears in different directions.
Press them with your hands and release them abruptly (several times).
Massage the trestle of the ear, clasping two fingers.
Vigorously knead the edge of the ear from the top to the ear.

The procedure is best done in the morning, after waking up - a great way to wake up and adjust the work processes in the body. Indeed, dozens of points associated with various organs are concentrated on the auricles. Movements are done without tension and pain, causing pleasure. Massage can be repeated several times a day.

Trestle piercing

Unusual punctures of the auricle and the parotid tragus have become fashionable now. Not wanting to use the services of specialists, many do their own piercings, at the risk of getting an infection. As a rule, the salon has the necessary props, sterile conditions, and most importantly, experienced workers familiar with safety regulations. After all, tragus piercing is not an easy procedure.

If, however, it was decided to pierce it at home - you must be ready for any turn of events (slip, bleeding and even fainting).

Even successfully piercing the ear should be monitored during the healing process and in case of suppuration or inflammation, immediately consult a doctor.

Possible painful symptoms:

Pain;
Purulent discharge;
Puffiness;
Increased temperature.

The structure of the ears and surrounding areas in people varies, due to the individual characteristics of the capillary and nervous system.

Conclusion

Despite the apparent insignificance of the ear trestle, it is an important organ that does not tolerate scornful attitude. By recognizing the anatomy of his own body, a person increases the chances of maintaining the health of the body as a whole and of each organ separately.