Modern analogues doxycycline tablets.
International name
Doxycycline (Doxycycline)Group affiliation
Antibiotic, tetracyclineDosage Form
Capsules, lyophilisate for preparation of solution for intravenous, intravenous solution, tablets, coated tabletspharmachologic effect
Semisynthetic tetracycline, bacteriostatic antibiotic wide spectrum actions. Penetrating into the cell, acts on intracellularly located pathogens. Suppresses the synthesis of proteins in the microbial cell, disrupts the connection of transport aminoacyl-RNA with the 30S subunit of the ribosomal membrane.
It is highly sensitive: Gram-positive microorganisms Staphylococcus spp. (including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis), Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Clostridium spp., Listeria spp .; and gram-negative microorganisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Enterobacter, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp. (formerly Pasteurella spp.), Bacteroides spp., Treponema spp. (including strains resistant to other antibiotics, such as modern penicillins and cephalosporins). The most sensitive are Haemophilus influenzae (91-96%) and intracellular pathogens.
Doxycycline is active against most pathogens. infectious diseases: plague, tularemia, anthrax microbes, legionella, brucella, Vibrio cholerae, rickettsia, glanders, chlamydia (ornithosis, psittacosis, trachoma, venereal granuloma). Does not act on most strains of Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi.
To a lesser extent than other antibiotics of the tetracycline series, it inhibits the intestinal flora, differs from them by a more complete absorption and a longer duration of action. Doxycycline surpasses natural tetracyclines in the degree of antibacterial activity. Unlike tetracycline and oxytetracycline, it has a higher therapeutic efficacy, manifested in the treatment of 10 times lower doses, and a longer duration of action. There is cross-resistance to other tetracyclines, as well as to penicillins.
Indications
Infectious inflammatory diseasescaused by susceptible microorganisms: infections respiratory tract (pharyngitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, lung abscess, pleural empyema);
infections of upper respiratory tract (otitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, etc.);
infections of the genitourinary system (cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, urethritis, urethrocystitis, urogenital mycoplasmosis, endometritis, endocervicitis, acute orchiepididymitis; gonorrhea);
infections of biliary tract and gastrointestinal tract (cholecystitis, cholangitis, gastroenterocolitis, bacterial dysentery, “travelers” diarrhea);
infections of the skin and soft tissues (cellulitis, abscesses, furunculosis, panaritiums, infected burns, wounds, etc.);
infectious diseases of the eye, syphilis, frambesia, yersiniosis, legionellosis, rickettsiosis, chlamydia of various localization (including prostatitis and proctitis), Q fever, Rocky Mountains spotted fever, typhoid fever (including sypha, tick-borne fever), disease Lyme (borreliosis) I st., Bacillary and amoebic dysentery, tularemia, cholera, actinomycosis, malaria; as part of combination therapy - leptospirosis, trachoma, psittacosis, ornithosis, granulocytic ehrlichiosis; whooping cough, brucellosis, osteomyelitis; sepsis, subacute septic endocarditis, peritonitis.
Postoperative prevention purulent complications; malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum during short-term travels (less than 4 months) in an area where chloroquine and / or pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine-resistant strains are common.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, porphyria, severe liver failure, leukopenia, pregnancy (II-III trimesters), lactation period, children age (up to 8 years old - the possibility of formation of insoluble Ca2 + complexes with deposition in the skeleton, enamel and dentin of the teeth), for intravenous injection - myasthenia.Side effects
From the side nervous system: benign increase in intracranial pressure (decreased appetite, vomiting, headache, edema of the optic nerve head), toxic effects on the central nervous system (dizziness or instability).
From the side digestive system: nausea, constipation or diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, esophagitis (including erosive), gastritis, ulceration of the stomach and duodenum, enterocolitis (due to proliferation resistant strains staphylococcus).
Allergic reactions: maculopapular rash, pruritus, skin hyperemia, angioedema, anaphylactoid reactions, drug lupus erythematosus.
From the side of blood-forming organs: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia.
Other: photosensitivity, superinfection; sustained discoloration of tooth enamel, inflammation in the anogenital zone of the perineum.
Candidiasis (vaginitis, glossitis, stomatitis, proctitis), dysbiosis.
Application and dosage
In / in the introduction preferably with severe forms purulent-septic diseases, when it is necessary to quickly create a high concentration in the blood, and in cases where oral administration is difficult. It should go to the reception as soon as it becomes possible.
In / in drip, in the form of a solution that is prepared ex tempore. To do this, 0.1 g or 0.2 g is dissolved in 5-10 ml of water for injection, then added to 250 or 500 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution or 5% dextrose solution. The concentration in the solution for infusion should not exceed 1 mg / ml and not less than 0.1 mg / ml. Duration of infusion, depending on the dose (0.1 or 0.2 g) - 1-2 hours at an injection rate of 60-80 drops / min. When infusing solutions should be protected from light (solar and electric). The duration of treatment with a / in the introduction - 3-5 days, with good tolerance - 7 days, followed by a transition (if necessary) to oral administration.
In inflammatory diseases of the pelvis in women in the acute stage - in / in, 0.1 g every 12 hours, usually in combination with III generation cephalosporins; then continue therapy with doxycycline, 0.1 g, 2 times a day for 14 days.
Inside, in adults and children weighing more than 45 kg, the average daily dose is 0.2 g on the first day (divided into 2 doses - 0.1 g 2 times a day), then 0.1 g / day (for 1-2 doses). With chronic urinary system infections - 200 mg / day throughout the entire period of therapy.
In the treatment of gonorrhea, prescribed according to one of the following schemes: acute uncomplicated urethritis - a course dose of 0.5 g (1 dose - 0.3 g, followed by 2 - 0.1 g with an interval of 6 hours) or 0.1 g / day until complete cure (in women) or 0.1 g 2 times a day for 7 days (for men); in complicated forms of gonorrhea, the course dose is 0.8-0.9 g, which is divided into 6-7 doses (0.3 g - 1 dose, then with an interval of 6 hours for 5-6 subsequent ones).
In the treatment of syphilis - 0.3 g / day for at least 10 days (inside or in / in).
For uncomplicated infections of the urethra, cervix and rectum caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, 0.1 g is prescribed 2 times a day for at least 7 days.
Infections of the male genital organs - 0.1 g 2 times a day for 4 weeks.
Treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria - 0.2 g / day for 7 days (in combination with schizontocidal drugs - quinine); malaria prophylaxis - 0.1 g once a day, 1-2 days before the trip, then daily during the trip and for 4 weeks after returning; children over 8 years old - 2 mg / kg 1 time per day.
Diarrhea of “travelers” (prevention) - 0.2 g on the first day of the trip (1 reception or 0.1 g 2 times a day), then 0.1 g 1 time a day during the entire stay in the region (no more than 3 weeks).
Treatment of leptospirosis - 0.1 g orally 2 times a day for 7 days; prevention of leptospirosis - 0.2 g once a week during a stay in a disadvantaged area and 0.2 g at the end of the trip.
Prevention of infections after medical abortion - 0.1 g 1 hour before abortion and 0.2 g - 30 minutes after.
For acne - 0.1 g / day, the course - 6-12 weeks.
The maximum daily doses for adults are up to 0.3 g / day or up to 0.6 g / day for 5 days with severe gonococcal infections.
In children 9-12 years old with a body weight of up to 45 kg, the average daily dose is 4 mg / kg on the first day, then 2 mg / kg per day (in 1-2 doses). With severe course infections are given every 12 hours at 4 mg / kg.
In the presence of severe liver failure, a decrease in the daily dose of doxycycline is required, since this causes its gradual accumulation in the body (risk of a hepatotoxic action).
special instructions
To prevent local irritating action (esophagitis, gastritis, ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa), it is recommended to take in the daytime with a large amount of liquid, food or milk.
In connection with the possible development of photosensitization, it is necessary to limit insolation during treatment and for 4-5 days after it.
With prolonged use, periodic monitoring of the liver and blood-forming organs is necessary.
It can mask the manifestations of syphilis, and therefore, when a mixed infection is possible, a monthly serological analysis for 4 months is necessary.
All tetracyclines form resistant complexes with Ca2 + in any bone-forming tissue. In this regard, the reception in the period of development of teeth can cause long-term staining of teeth in yellow-gray-brown color, as well as enamel hypoplasia.
During the infusion, the solution should be protected from light (solar and artificial), it should not be administered simultaneously with other drugs.
Perhaps a false increase in the level of catecholamines in the urine when they are detected by the fluorescence method. In the study of biopsy of the thyroid gland in patients who received doxycycline for a long time, dark brown staining of tissue in microscopic preparations is possible without affecting its function.
The experiment found that doxycycline can have a toxic effect on fetal development (delayed skeletal development) - it blocks metalloproteases (enzymes that catalyze the degradation of collagen and proteoglycans) in cartilage, leading to a decrease in lesions in deforming osteoarthrosis.
When increasing the dose above 4 g, the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline does not depend on the dose and the concentration in the blood does not increase.
As a drug, the “first” series is prescribed to patients under 65 years of age with exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (including against the background of bronchial asthma) without associated diseases (these exacerbations are often caused by Haemophilus influenzae). It is effective in exacerbation of bronchopulmonary infection (usually staphylococcal etiology) in patients with cystic fibrosis, chlamydial arthritis, granulocytic ehrlichiosis. In elderly patients, it is used to treat acute prostatitis and urinary infection caused by Escherichia coli. In combination with quinine, it is highly effective in treating malaria.
Interaction
Antacids containing Al3 +, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, Fe preparations, sodium bicarbonate, Mg2 + -containing laxatives, Kolestiramine and Colestipol reduce absorption, therefore their use should be separated at 3 hours intervals.
In connection with the suppression of intestinal microflora reduces the prothrombin index, which requires the correction of the dose of indirect anticoagulants.
When combined with bactericidal antibiotics that violate the synthesis of the cell wall (penicillins, cephalosporins), the effectiveness of the latter decreases.
It reduces the reliability of contraception and increases the frequency of bleeding "breakthrough" while taking estrogen-containing oral contraceptives.
Ethanol, barbiturates, rifampicin, carbamazepine, phenytoin and other microsomal oxidation stimulators, accelerating the metabolism of doxycycline, reduce its concentration in plasma.
The simultaneous use of retinol contributes to increased intracranial pressure.
Reviews of the drug Doxycycline: 3
I repent: I did not go to the doctor, the drug was advised by a friend-nurse, I used only two capsules (in the morning 1 and in the evening 1, as indicated in the instructions), the unpleasant effects started almost immediately, after the first dose, slight heartburn, after the second - I thought I would suffocate . She drank milk and went to bed. Neither that day, nor the next, nor the third day there was a bowel movement. But on the third day, she began to scratch herself at night, and in the morning she found an itchy red rash on Georgia. Over the next day, the rash spread over the armpit and groups of the right arm, and in addition, there were non-rash eruptions, not red, but in the form of rounded bumps, as if under the skin of a coin. And now I have been living with this filth for a week now, the itching in the evening is getting worse and the rash becomes painful, thickened. The drug, of course, I no longer took. I try not to comb the rash, because there are bubbles, so I stroke it when it is very hard. I smear my wipes with a cinaflan, but I don’t feel any relief and I don’t see. Yo-yo, and what to do? Is the body itself can not cope? And why did I take this stuff in my mouth? !!
Dmitry, 04.18.2016, age: 45
Bites are more often from manufacturers of chemically dirty generics in Russia, the CIS and countries of the 3rd world than from the active substance itself. In Russia, 90% of the drugs are made from Chinese substances - Cherkizon. There are global statistics on the sidelines in different countries for the same medicine as it were.
Stepan, 08.27.2017, age: 46
In theory, doxycycline is in itself an analog of unidox. And for some reason he helps the doge better. He took his prostatitis, he was treated in parallel with smartprost - in a week all the symptoms of the disease had disappeared. Unidox does not give such an effect.
Write your review
Do you use doxycycline as an analog or vice versa?Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Included in the group of tetracyclines. The semi-synthetic drug acts bacteriostatically, preventing microbes from continuing to multiply. This is due to its introduction into the focus of inflammation, after which the synthesis of protein in pathogenic agents is disturbed.
Brief information about the drug
Doxycycline therapy is prescribed in the presence of the following pathogens in the body:
- Gram + Flora:
- aerobic cocci (staphylococci, including those producing penicillase, streptococci);
- spore-forming aerobes (anthrax pathogen);
- non-sporogenous anaerobes (Listeria);
- spore-forming anaerobes (clostridia).
- Gram + Flora
- aerobic cocci (gonorrhea)
- aerobic bacteria (Escherichia coli, shigella, salmonella, enterobacteria, Klebsiel, bordetella);
- other microorganisms (rickettsia, treponemas, mycoplasmas and chlamydia)
The medicine will not help in the treatment of fungal and viral infections. Doxycycline is resistant to the pyo-pus bacillus, proteus, bacteroids and serrations.
Once in the body, the drug immediately begins to spread through the tissues and the extracellular space. Due to the high degree of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, after 2.5 hours, 90-100% of the substance in unchanged form is distributed to target organs. These include bone tissue, liver and spleen, prostate gland and eye tissue. The antibiotic penetrates the placenta and may accumulate in the tissues of the fetus. Excreted through the digestive tract and kidneys.
Indications
The list of diseases when the appointment of the drug will bring the result:- bacterial infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract (from pharyngitis to pneumonia complicated by pleurisy);
- eNT diseases (otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, tonsil inflammation, etc.);
- violations of the gastrointestinal tract (enterocolitis, gastroenteritis, proctitis, cholecystitis);
- eye damage (keratitis, conjunctivitis);
- problems with the urinary system (cystitis, urethritis);
- inflammation of the pelvic organs in women;
- infectious and inflammatory processes in the skin and bones;
- diseases of the external genital organs in women and men;
- prevention of postoperative complications.
Antibiotic should not be prescribed to children under nine years old, pregnant and lactating women. This is due to the deposition of the active substance. medicinal product in the bones. If the drug has nothing to replace, then at the time of treatment a woman should stop breastfeeding. Also, it should not be taken for intolerance or deficiency of lactose, leukopenia, severe renal failure, porphyria, glucose-galactose malabsorption and tetracycline allergy.
The drug is not prescribed for meningitis, since it practically does not enter the cerebrospinal fluid and does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The cost of the original in pharmacies from 16 rubles.
Modern Doxycycline analogues
The similarities of capsules of Bassado, Doksibene, Doxycycline AKOS and Doxy-M tablets
Due to the high percentage of binding to plasma proteins (80-95), the half-life of these drugs takes from 12 to 22 hours. Much of the drugs are excreted in the feces, which allows them to be assigned to people with minor kidney problems. 1-2 times a day is enough for positive changes to occur in the affected ENT organs, respiratory and urinary systems. Among side effects there may be a change in blood picture, dyspeptic symptoms and anaphylaxis.
These 4 antibiotics combine not only the active ingredient (Doxycycline). They are in the same price category. Italian Bassado costs from 104r, Austrian Doksibene from 115 and Russian Doxycycline AKOS from 128r per pack. Price Doksy-M is 120r.
Unidox Solutab
The import analogue of Doxycycline, supplied to Russia from the Netherlands, is available only in tablet form (1 tab. 100mg). Simultaneous food intake does not affect the digestibility of the components. Active against Gram + and Gram + microbial flora.
Assigned to:
- infectious processes with localization in the urogenital system, upper and lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract;
- severe pustular skin diseases.
Effective with typhus.
Doxycycline 100 and 200 Herds
Another analogue of Doxycycline tablets is German Doxycycline Herd. It has only a tablet form (tab. 100 and 200 mg). Method of application: after eating, drinking a means with plenty of water (this is necessary to prevent irritation of the walls of the esophagus). The average daily dose in adults and children over 12 years old is 200mg on the 1st day and 100mg each day.
For the treatment of lesions of the urinary tract throughout the entire period of treatment prescribed 0.2 g / day. Syphilis is treated for about 10 days, at 0.3 g per day. Infections of the male genital organs require a 4-week course of therapy at 200mg daily. The maximum daily dose in adults is up to 0.3 g per day or up to 0.6 g per day for five days in the treatment of gonorrhea.
Doxycycline Rivo and Doxycycline Ferein: only original is cheaper
Switzerland and Russia produce analogues of the original medication. The drugs act against infections of the following location:
- respiratory organs (pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, pneumonia and bronchopneumonia);
- urinary tract (acute and chronic cystitis, prostatitis, inflammation of the endometrium and ovaries, gonorrhea);
- Gastrointestinal disorders (gastritis, enteritis, shigellosis);
- infectious lesions of the skin and soft tissues;
- eye disease.
Also, with the help of these drugs, prophylaxis of purulent-necrotic complications after heavy operations is carried out.
It is not necessary to prescribe these analogues along with antacids containing Al, Ca and Mg, as well as with iron preparations, sodium salts and magnesium containing laxatives. In such a combination, they can form difficultly soluble complexes.
Doxycycline Nycomed and Monoklin
1632 and 1625r respectively.
The first drug comes to us from Denmark, the second from France. All 3 drugs are available in tablets of 100 mg, which is very convenient in the treatment of certain diseases. Thus, the therapy of sexually transmitted diseases and infections of the urinary system implies a twofold daily intake of 0.1 g of the drug during the week. The drug is taken orally (by mouth) with a sufficient amount of liquid to prevent esophageal damage. The use of the drug at the time of the formation of dental tissue adversely affects its color.
Medomycin and Unidox
The drug, released in Cyprus, differs from Jordanian Unidox only in the method of manufacture, the quality of the raw materials and the cost of testing the pharmaceutical. As a result, both are practically in the same price category (219 and 272r) and perform similar functions. They are prescribed in the ENT practice, in the complex therapy of pneumonia, urinary system in men and women, often recommended for ulcerative keratitis. During long courses of therapy, observation of the cellular composition of peripheral blood is recommended. Functional liver function tests can reveal an increase in the activity of the enzymes of the studied organ.
Tetradox or Apo-Doxy?
0.1 g capsules are manufactured by pharmaceutical companies in India and Russia, introducing the new generation Doxycycline analogues to the world. Both have a cost within 1630r.
However, they also have side effects:
- CNS: intracranial hypertension (VCG), weakness, dizziness;
- metabolism: anorexia;
- vision: blurred vision, blind spots in the field of view (scotoma), doubling;
- Gastrointestinal tract: constipation or diarrhea, pain, nausea, gastric or duodenal ulcer, gastritis;
- allergy (from redness and itching of the skin to anaphylaxis and total edema);
- heart: tachycardia, falling blood pressure;
- musculoskeletal system: pains in joints and muscles;
- changes in the blood picture (eosinophilia, decrease in the number of neutrophils and platelets, increased transaminase activity);
- discoloration of teeth.
Novo-Doksilin and Doksiar
Both Canadian and Jordanian antibiotics are aimed at eliminating bacterial agents sensitive to it. But you need to adjust the treatment while taking antacids, iron supplements and laxatives containing magnesium. All of these tools reduce the absorption of the active component of the tetracycline derivative. The use of ethanol and psychoactive substances (barbiturates, carbamazepine) can alter Doxycline metabolism, reducing the therapeutically significant concentration of the drug in blood plasma.
Vibramycin
This analog has many dosage forms:
- capsules (0.1 g);
- syrup (0.01g / ml);
- oral solution;
- solution for in / in or in / m injection (0.1 g);
- powder for the preparation of injection solution (0.2 g).
With repeated use of the drug can accumulate in the body. To prevent ulcers of the esophagus, vibramycin should be drunk with plenty of water. In case of kidney or liver failure, if this tetracycline is not possible to replace, treatment is carried out under the control of the liver and kidneys.
Doxycycline Manufacturer
Antibiotic semisynthetic was discovered in the 60s of the last century. The synthesis was carried out by the American company Pfizer, which for the first time released a new drug onto the pharmaceutical market, giving it the name Vibramicin. At present, other producing countries act on the market: Russia, Germany, Jordan, Cyprus, Canada, the Netherlands, etc.
All of them take in the basis of the main component of the drug - Doxycycline, and by adding auxiliary components form the final product. After confirming its safety, the antibiotic is delivered to the markets of countries that cooperate with companies.
Compatibility Doxycycline and Metronidazole
Often, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) requires taking several drugs at once. In such cases, doxycycline is administered at the same time. This is a WHO (World Health Organization) standard — empirical treatment is carried out before receiving an antibiotic susceptibility test. Eradication of infections through this combination is highly effective.
Did you know that doxycycline is widely used to treat arthritis?
Apo-Doxy; Bassado; Vibramycin; Vidoktsin; Dovicin; Doksal; Doxybene; Doksiar; Doksilan; Doxycycline (Doxycycline Nycomed, Stada); Doxycycline-AKOS; Doxycycline-Rivo; Doxycycline-ferein; Doxycycline hydrochloride; Doxycycline hyclate; Doxt; Medomycin; Monocline; Novo-Doksilin; Tetradox; Ethidoxine; Unidox (Unidox Solutab).
Doxycycline - semisynthetic bacteriostatic antibiotic from the tetracycline group, which has a wide spectrum of action. Inhibits protein synthesis in the microbial cell at the ribosomal level. It acts on intracellularly located pathogens (mycoplasmas, chlamydia, rickettsiae). It is used in infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by susceptible microorganisms, especially intracellular pathogens: infections of upper respiratory tract, respiratory tract and lungs, biliary tract and gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, skin and soft tissues, bones and joints, infectious eye diseases. Effective with mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, whooping cough, syphilis, gonorrhea, brucellosis, rickettsiosis, dysentery, yersiniosis, tularemia, cholera, actinomycosis, leptospirosis, trachoma, psittacosis, ornithosis, aeretic leukemia, I’m, I am not using the time, I am using the time, I am using the pattern, I am using the time, I am using the time, I am using the time, I am using the time-to-date, I’m, I’m, I’m, I’m, I’m I’m I’m I’m I am not going to have to use i'm, I am, I’m I am not using the I am going to be using a pattern to make a heartbeat, I am going to have a heartbeat, I am, I am, I am, I am not going to be using a pattern to do it.
Active-active substance:
Doxycycline / Doxycycline.
Dosage Forms:
Pills.
Capsules
Syrup.
Solution for infusion (lyophilisate for solution).
Doxycycline
Properties / Action:
Doxycycline is a semisynthetic broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic; antimicrobial, antibacterial. It has a bacteriostatic effect. Penetrating into the cell, doxycycline acts on intracellularly located pathogens.
Doxycycline breaks the association of transport aminoacyl-RNA with the 30S subunit of the ribosomal membrane. Inhibits protein synthesis in the microbial cell at the ribosomal level.
The antibacterial spectrum of doxycycline is similar to tetracycline.
Doxycycline is active against gram-positive microorganisms:
Aerobic Cocci: Staphylococcus spp., Incl. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (including those producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp., Including Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Aerobic spore-forming bacteria: Bacillus anthracis.
Aerobic non-spore-forming bacteria: Listeria spp., Incl. Listeria monocytogenes.
Anaerobic spore-forming bacteria: Clostridium spp.
Doxycycline is active against gram-negative microorganisms:
Aerobic Cocci: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis.
Aerobic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp., Enterobacter spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Klebsiella spp., Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella spp., Bacteroides, Passionurella spp., Bactero pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella spp., Bactero pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae.
Doxycycline is also active against Rickettsia spp., Treponema spp. (including strains resistant to other antibiotics, such as modern penicillins and cephalosporins), Mycoplasma spp. and Chlamydia spp.
The most sensitive Haemophilus influenzae (91-96%) and intracellular pathogens (chlamydia, mycoplasma, rickettsia).
Doxycycline is active against most pathogens of infectious diseases: plague, tularemia, anthrax microbes, legionella, brucella, Vibrio cholerae, glanders, pathogens of ornithosis, psittacosis, trachoma, venereal granuloma.
In combination with quinine, doxycycline is highly effective in the treatment of malaria.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Serratia spp., Most strains of Bacteroides fragilis, fungi are resistant to doxycycline.
To a lesser extent than other tetracycline antibiotics, Doxycycline inhibits the intestinal flora, differs from them in more complete absorption and longer duration of action. The degree of antibacterial activity of Doxycycline surpasses natural tetracyclines. Unlike tetracycline and oxytetracycline, it has a higher therapeutic efficacy, manifested in the treatment of 10 times lower doses, and a longer duration of action. There is cross-resistance to other tetracyclines.
Pharmacokinetics:
After ingestion Doxycycline is almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Has a high degree of solubility in lipids; food intake does not have a significant effect on the degree of absorption. The maximum plasma concentration is determined 2 hours after ingestion. With increasing doses above 4 g, the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline does not depend on the dose, the concentration in the blood does not increase. Plasma protein binding is 80-95%. Doxycycline is widely distributed in tissues and body fluids. Therapeutic concentrations are formed in the bile, maxillary exudate and frontal sinuses, pleural and ascitic fluid, synovial exudate, gum fluids. In therapeutic concentrations, it accumulates in the reticulo-endothelial system, bone tissue, liver, kidneys, spleen, prostate gland, eye tissues. Forms insoluble calcium complexes in bones and teeth. Poor penetrates into cerebrospinal fluid (10-20% of the level in serum). In saliva is determined 5-27% of the serum level. Doxycycline penetrates the placental barrier, is determined in breast milk. Metabolized slightly. The half-life (T1 / 2) after a single oral dose is 16-18 hours; after taking repeated doses - 22-23 hours. Subjected to enterohepatic recirculation. Approximately 40% of doxycycline is secreted by the renal tubules in the form of biologically active forms (up to 5% in severe chronic renal failure). 20-60% excreted in feces as inactive forms (chelates). With repeated injections, Doxycycline may accumulate.
The half-life of doxycycline in patients with impaired renal function does not change, as its excretion increases with feces. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis do not affect the level of doxycycline in serum.
Indications:
Doxycycline is used in infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by susceptible microorganisms, especially intracellular pathogens (Mycoplasma spp., Chlamydia spp., Rickettsia spp.) And Haemophilus influenzae:
Dosage and administration:
Doses and duration of treatment with doxycycline are determined by the physician.
Before starting treatment with Doxycycline, it is necessary to conduct a study of the sensitivity of the pathogen to the antibiotic; treatment can begin before the result of the study.
In adults with a body weight of up to 70 kg and children weighing more than 45 kg for most infections on the 1st day of treatment, the recommended dose of doxycycline is 200 mg per day; in the following days - 100 mg per day. In severe infections, especially in chronic urinary tract infections, the recommended dose is 200 mg per day for the entire duration of treatment. Adults with a body weight of more than 70 kg are recommended to take 200 mg per day during the entire period of treatment. Perhaps the combined appointment of Doxycycline 100 mg 2 times a day along with clindamycin or gentamicin (if indicated). The maximum daily doses of doxycycline for adults: for oral administration - 300 mg (for gonococcal infections up to 600 mg per day for a maximum of 5 days are allowed); 300 mg for iv administration.
In children 9–12 years old with a body weight of up to 45 kg, the average daily dose of doxycycline is 4 mg / kg on the first day, then 2 mg / kg per day (in 1–2 doses). In severe infections, 4 mg / kg every 12 hours. For children weighing more than 45 kg, doxycycline is prescribed as an adult.
Inside Doxycycline drugs prescribed after a meal, drinking 200 ml of liquid. The daily dose should be taken immediately or divided into 2 doses, every 12 hours. Capsules / tablets are swallowed whole.
Intravenous drip Doxycycline is preferable in severe forms of purulent-septic diseases, when it is necessary to quickly create a high concentration of the drug in the blood, and in cases where oral administration is difficult. It should go to the reception as soon as it becomes possible. The contents of the ampoule - 100-200 mg - are dissolved in 10 ml of water for injection, then the resulting solution is diluted in 250-1000 ml of physiological sodium chloride or 5% dextrose solution. The concentration of Doxycycline in the solution for infusion should not exceed 1 mg / ml and should not be lower than 0.1 mg / ml. The prepared solution is injected 1 or 2 times (every 12 hours) per day, the duration of infusion is 1-2 hours (the minimum time for IV infusion is 100 mg Doxycycline at an infusion concentration of 0.5 mg / ml is 1 hour). Doxycycline solutions should be protected from light when infused. The duration of treatment with a / in the introduction - 3-5 days, with good tolerance - 7 days, with the subsequent transition to oral administration.
Dosescycline doses used for certain infections:
Genitourinary infections:
Uncomplicated infections of the urethra and cervix: 100 mg 2 times a day for at least 7 days (7-14 days).
Prevention of infections after medical abortion:
For the prevention of infections after medical abortion: 100 mg orally 1 hour before an abortion and 200 mg orally 30 minutes after.
Gonorrhea:
Acute uncomplicated urethritis: a course dose of 500 mg (1 dose - 300 mg, the next 2 doses - 100 mg every 6 hours).
Complicated forms of gonorrhea: a course dose of 800-900 mg (1 dose of 300 mg, then 5-6 subsequent doses of 100 mg with an interval of 6 hours).
Women are also prescribed 200 mg per day until fully cured (on average for 5 days).
Men are also prescribed 200-300 mg per day in 1 intake for 2-4 days, or in a single day in 300 mg 2 times a day (second dose 1 hour after the first).
Syphilis (for patients with hypersensitivity to penicillin):
Assign a daily dose of 200-300 mg. Early syphilis: within 2 weeks; late syphilis: within 4 weeks.
Acne:
Assign 50-100 mg per day. The duration of treatment depends on the effectiveness of doxycycline and is usually 6-12 weeks.
Chloroquine-resistant malaria:
For treatment prescribed 200 mg per day for 7 days in combination with quinine.
For prophylaxis - 100 mg 1 time per day for 1-2 days before the trip, then daily during the trip and for 4 weeks after returning.
Diarrhea "travelers":
For prophylaxis, 100 mg is prescribed 2 times a day on the first day of the trip, then 100 mg once a day during the entire stay in the region (no more than 3 weeks).
Leptospirosis:
For treatment prescribed 100 mg 2 times a day for 7 days.
For prophylaxis, take 200 mg once a week during a stay in a disadvantaged area and 200 mg at the end of the trip.
When treating patients with renal failure Doxycycline can be used in the usual dose.
In the presence of severe liver failure a reduction in the daily dose is required, since this leads to a gradual accumulation of doxycycline in the body (risk of a hepatotoxic effect).
Overdose:
There is no information regarding acute doxycycline poisoning. In case of overdose and any complaints, you should immediately stop taking doxycycline and take measures aimed at rapid elimination from the body of the non-absorbed drug or decrease its absorption from the digestive tract (gastric lavage, reception of activated carbon). The treatment of overdose is primarily symptomatic and consists in monitoring and maintaining the basic vital functions. Doxycycline is not excreted through hemodialysis (not effective).
Contraindications:
Doxycycline should not be used in the following cases:
Doxycycline is used with caution:
Use during pregnancy and lactation:
Doxycycline is contraindicated for use in pregnancy. It penetrates the placental barrier. May cause irreversible discoloration of the teeth, enamel hypoplasia, suppression of the growth of fetal bones. The mutagenic effect of Doxycycline on the developing fetus is not excluded. Administration of doxycycline to pregnant women is permitted only when its use in the mother is absolutely indicated, and the use of a safer alternative drug is impossible or contraindicated.
Doxycycline is determined in human milk in amounts that make up 30-40% of its level in serum. If necessary, doxycycline use during lactation should stop breastfeeding.
Side effect:
On the part of the nervous system: dizziness, increased intracranial pressure (nausea, vomiting, headache, swelling of the optic nerve head).
On the part of the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, dysphagia, stomatitis, glossitis, esophagitis, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, proctitis, development of candidiasis, intestinal dysbacteriosis, pseudomembranous colitis, increased levels of hepatic transes, blood (hepatotoxicity).
From the side of blood-forming organs: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia.
Allergic and dermatological reactions: skin rash, pruritus, urticaria, Quincke's edema, shortness of breath, anaphylaxis, photosensitization, exfoliative dermatitis.
Side effects associated with the biological effect of the drug: candidiasis (glossitis, stomatitis, proctitis, vaginitis).
Other: sweating, pericarditis, exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus; in children - discoloration of the teeth, damage to the tooth enamel, delayed skeletal development.
In the event of severe side effects, doxycycline should be discontinued immediately.
Special instructions and precautionary measures:
The strains resistant to other tetracycline drugs are Doxycycline resistant. Treatment of infections caused by streptococci, staphylococci, Escherichia, Shigella, akinotobakterom, possible only after determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to doxycycline.
With long-term use of Doxycycline, it is necessary to regularly monitor the cellular composition of peripheral blood, carry out functional liver tests, determine serum nitrogen and urea (control kidney function).
Doxycycline should be taken with caution in patients with impaired liver function and patients taking other hepatotoxic drugs (they are prescribed only if it is impossible to treat with other drugs). With moderate renal impairment, dose adjustment is not required.
To prevent local irritating action (esophagitis, gastritis, ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa), it is recommended to take in the daytime with a large amount of liquid, food or milk. Dairy products, as well as preparations containing metal ions can slow down the absorption of Doxycycline from the digestive tract.
Due to the possible development of photosensitization, it is necessary to limit insolation (direct irradiation with sunlight or UV rays) during treatment and for 4-5 days after it.
Doxycycline can mask the manifestation of syphilis, and therefore, when a mixed infection is possible, a monthly serological analysis for 4 months is necessary.
During treatment with Doxycycline, excessive development of resistant microorganisms, such as Candida albicans, may occur. In the case of candidiasis, it is necessary to start the appropriate treatment (antifungal agents - fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, etc.).
Doxycycline may cause pseudomembranous colitis. Inhibition of normal bacterial flora in the intestine contributes to the development of Clostridium difficile, which causes the clinical symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis. Patients who during the use of doxycycline or immediately after its withdrawal is observed indigestion should consult a doctor. In the case of pseudomembranous colitis, doxycycline should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment should be initiated. In mild cases, it is usually enough to cancel doxycycline, in severe cases, metronidazole, yarin, etc. should be prescribed. Additional means of contraception should be used or the method of contraception should be changed (decreases reliability).
All tetracyclines form stable complexes with calcium in any bone-forming tissue. Doxycycline is not used in children under 8 years and in the second half of pregnancy, because tetracyclines (including doxycycline) cause irreversible discoloration of the teeth (in yellow-brown color), enamel hypoplasia and slowing the longitudinal growth of skeletal bones in children.
In the experiment, it was found that Doxycycline blocks metalloproteases catalyzing the degradation of collagen and proteoglycans in cartilage, which leads to a decrease in lesions in deforming osteoarthrosis.
Doxycycline affects the results of determination of glucose, urobilinigen, protein and catecholamines in the urine. Perhaps a false increase in the level of catecholamines in the urine when they are detected by the fluorescence method.
In the study of thyroid biopsy in patients who received long-term doxycycline, consider the possibility of dark brown staining of tissue in microscopic preparations without impairing its function.
Doxycycline solution for i / v administration should be used no later than 72 hours after its preparation. During the infusion solution should be protected from light (solar and artificial), it can not be administered simultaneously with other drugs.
Do not drink alcohol while using Doxycycline!
Influence on ability to drive motor transport and work with mechanisms:
Transient visual disturbances and dizziness were observed during the use of tetracyclines, which may limit these abilities.
Drug Interactions:
Doxycycline should not be administered simultaneously with antacids containing aluminum, calcium and magnesium salts (phosphalugel, maalox, renny, etc.), as well as with iron preparations (iron salts, iron hydroxide). Simultaneous application The shelf life is indicated on the package. Do not use after the expiration date.
Pharmacy sales terms: prescription.
The page presents doxycycline analogsin accordance with medical terminology, called "synonyms" - interchangeable in their effects on the body with preparations containing one or more identical active substances. When choosing synonyms, consider not only their cost, but also the country of production and the manufacturer's reputation.
Indications for use
Doxycycline - Semisynthetic tetracycline, bacteriostatic broad-spectrum antibiotic. Penetrating into the cell, acts on intracellularly located pathogens. Suppresses the synthesis of proteins in the microbial cell, disrupts the connection of transport aminoacyl-RNA with the 30S subunit of the ribosomal membrane.Highly sensitive: Gram-positive microorganisms Staphylococcus spp. (including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis), Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Clostridium spp., Listeria spp. and gram-negative microorganisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Enterobacter, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp. (formerly Pasteurella spp.), Bacteroides spp., Treponema spp. (including strains resistant to other antibiotics, such as modern penicillins and cephalosporins).
The most sensitive are Haemophilus influenzae (91–96%) and intracellular pathogens. There is cross-resistance to other tetracyclines, as well as to penicillins.
Comparing prices for doxycycline analogues
Note! The list contains Doxycycline analogues having the same composition, so you can choose a replacement yourself, taking into account the form and dose of medication prescribed by the doctor. Give preference to manufacturers from the United States, Japan, Western Europe, as well as well-known companies from Eastern Europe: Krka, Gedeon Richter, Actavis, Egis, Lek, Geksal, Teva, Zentiva.
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Reviews
Below are the results of a survey of site visitors about the drug Doxycycline. The results correspond to the personal feelings of the respondents and cannot be used as an official guide for you to make treatment decisions with the use of Doxycycline. We strongly recommend that you contact a qualified medical specialist for the selection of a personalized course of treatment.Visitor survey results
4 visitors reported effectiveness
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4 visitors reported side effects
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Doxycycline - it is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline group. It is produced by different manufacturers in various dosage forms:
- capsules;
- pills;
- suspension;
- powder for solution.
Pharmacological action of the antibiotic doxycycline
The antibiotic in question acts by suppressing the process of protein synthesis in the cells of infectious agents, as a result of which microbes lose their activity and ability to multiply. It is active against the following microorganisms:
- aerobic gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, anthrax, listeria);
- aerobic gram-negative bacteria (gonococci, E. coli, shigella, Salmonella, enterobacteria, Klebsiella, whooping cough sticks);
- anaerobic bacteria (clostridia);
- chlamydia, mycoplasma, rickettsia, pale treponema.
Doxycycline Resistant Microorganisms:
- blue pus bacillus;
- bacteroids;
- protea;
- serration.
Once in the body, the antibiotic is widely distributed in tissues and liquid media. Therapeutic doses of the drug already half an hour after administration are detected in the liver, lungs, bones, spleen, exudate of the paranasal sinuses, bile, eye tissues. AT cerebrospinal fluid penetrates in a small dose. An antibiotic is excreted from the body with feces and urine.
Indications for Doxycycline:
- infections of upper respiratory tract and respiratory tract;
- gastrointestinal infections;
- skin infections;
- infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urogenital system;
- some sexually transmitted diseases;
- osteomyelitis;
- tularemia;
- typhus and others.
What can replace doxycycline?
In principle, almost all analogues of Doxycycline are preparations based on:
- tetracycline;
- metacycline hydrochloride;
- minocycline;
- glycocline, etc.
These drugs have a similar antimicrobial mechanism and almost similar pharmacological properties. There are only a few differences associated with the characteristics of absorption and metabolism.
Doxycycline is a substance derived from the antibiotic of the natural antibiotic tetracycline, which is produced by a special type of fungus. At the same time, doxycycline far exceeds its “ancestor” in its effectiveness and safety for the body. Due to chemical synthesis, a high degree of antibiotic purification is achieved, as a result of which it is better absorbed and is capable of causing a minimum of side effects. Doxycycline, to a lesser extent than other tetracycline antibiotics, suppresses the beneficial intestinal flora, is more fully absorbed and has a longer duration of action. Therefore, its application is more preferable.
In addition, Doxycycline is available in different forms:
- doxycycline hydrochloride;
- doxycycline hyclate;
- doxycycline monohydrate.
We have a more common is the first form, presented on the pharmacological market with drugs such as:
- Vibramycin;
- Doxybene;
- Bassado;
- Doxycycline Nycomed et al.
But, unfortunately, dioxycycline hydrochloride when taken orally in the event of a delay in the esophagus (for example, due to the anatomical 
features) creates a sharp acidification of the environment. This causes damage to the mucosa, even erosions and ulcers.
A modern analogue of drugs based on doxycycline - Unidox Solutab. This drug contains doxycycline monohydrate, which when dissolved does not cause an increase in acidity and is absorbed into gastrointestinal tract almost completely. At the same time, the mucous membranes do not suffer, there is no significant effect on the intestinal microflora, and the likelihood of the development of dyspeptic phenomena is minimal. The tool can be dissolved in water, getting a suspension, which eliminates the possibility of delaying it in the esophagus.
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