A sore throat in the company. Infectious diseases with angina syndrome. The pain characteristic is below the Adam's apple

Sore throat, sore throat, prolonged cough  - the sensations that every person has encountered since early childhood.

In most cases, these symptoms do not cause any serious complications and it is enough for the patient to take appropriate medical or folk preparations  to eliminate unpleasant spasms.

The thyroid gland adjoins the organ in the front and on the sides, and the pharynx on the opposite side. In some persons, especially men, one can detect the presence of the “Kadyk” - the protrusion of the laryngeal apparatus in front.

The larynx performs three main functions:

What diseases cause pain in the larynx?

Pain in the larynx can be a precursor of many diseases. It is a frequent complaint of patients with general practitioners, otolaryngologists, and pediatricians. Diseases of the larynx are determined by collecting the general history of the patient, pharyngoscopy, it is established what causes caused the disease. Potential diseases include:

Symptoms and treatment

As mentioned above, the diseases in which the larynx hurts, or are observed discomfort  in the area of ​​the Adam's apple, when swallowing, quite a lot. Consider the main symptoms and methods of treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx, larynx and other related pathologies. Causes of the disease: hypothermia, contact with patients, etc.

Which doctor to contact?

The choice of a doctor who can prescribe treatment for sore throat depends on the specific disease of the patient. Initially, for diseases in the throat should contact the otolaryngologist or therapist.

The table below presents data on the doctors treating this pathology.

Institution name	Address (Moscow and St. Petersburg)	Procedure (or reception of the expert)	Cost, rub)
Derevyanko S.N. (Otolaryngologist)	moscow, School, 11/3		960
Malchenko O.V.   (Otolaryngologist)	Moscow, Clara Zetkin, 33/28	Diagnosis, treatment prescription	1720
Fedorov L.G.   (therapist)	Moscow, Trekhgorny Val, 12/2	Diagnosis, treatment prescription	1440
Gubkina O.A.   (therapist)	Moscow, Cosmonaut Volkov, 9/2	Diagnosis, treatment prescription	1720
Dubasov A.I.   (Otolaryngologist)	st. Petersburg, Engels, 147 /. one	Diagnosis, treatment prescription	1400
Margaryan S.A.   (Otolaryngologist)	St. Petersburg, Marata, 69/71	Diagnosis, treatment prescription	1600

Thus, a sore throat can be caused by a number of different causes.

With additional symptoms, patients need to diagnose and treat diseases.

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Discomfort in the throat - alarming symptomsignaling the presence of pathological processes in the airways. The pharynx is a part of the respiratory and digestive tubes, which on one side connects the oral and nasal cavityand on the other - the larynx with the digestive tract.

In connection with anatomical features  structures, causes of pain in the throat when swallowing can lie in the dysfunction of not only the upper respiratory tract, but also the thyroid gland or gastrointestinal tract.

Late treatment of septic and aseptic inflammation leads to swelling of the mucous membranes and narrowing of the lumen in the airways.

Critical reduction of the internal diameter of the pharynx makes breathing difficult and causes hypoxia. If you detect pain, soreness and a feeling of squeezing of the pharynx, it is necessary to undergo examination and appropriate treatment.

  Etiology

If the patient, the causes of discomfort may lie in the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the mucous membranes. Infectious lesions of the upper airways are one of the key causes unpleasant symptom. However, in some cases, pain in the pharynx is caused by mechanical injury of ciliated epithelium, growth of lymphadenoid tissues, cardiovascular disorders and malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.

Therapy of pathologies of any etiology should begin with determining the causes of its occurrence. Illiterate treatment of the disease can lead to deterioration of health and development severe complications. Why does the throat ache when swallowing? The main causes of discomfort in the throat include:

In some cases, tickling and pain in the throat when swallowing saliva results from the inappropriate use of antibacterial and hormonal drugs.

For this reason, local immunity is reduced in the mucous membranes of the ENT organs, which stimulates the reproduction of conditionally pathogenic fungi of the Candida type. The presence of an unpleasant symptom for two or more weeks may be a manifestation of more serious diseases, such as malignant tumors, AIDS, etc.

  Physiology of pain

Why is it painful to swallow? Pain is an unpleasant sensory experience that occurs as a result of tissue damage. In the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract there are many nociceptors, with the excitation of which there are discomfort. Specific receptors can be excited when exposed to mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli.

Aching low-intensity pain most often indicates the presence of chronic inflammation.

Activation of pain receptors in the peripheral nervous system signals the body to the presence of harmful processes in the tissues. Septic inflammation, burns and proliferation of ciliated epithelium tissues stimulate the receptors, which by means of nerve cells transmit impulses to the corresponding parts of the brain. Pain sensations signal the danger of disease and tissue damage by pathogens or cancer cells.

  Infectious diseases

If it is painful to swallow saliva, the causes of discomfort may be associated with septic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Infectious diseases  most often provoke sore sensations in the throat. Bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens provoke pathological changes in the tissues. Metabolites of pathogens accumulate in the ciliated epithelium, which leads to intoxication and the appearance of catarrhal or purulent inflammation.

In most cases, discomfort when swallowing occurs when the following pathologies develop:

• pharyngitis - septic inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa associated with the reproduction of pathogens of bacterial and viral nature;
• sore throat - inflammatory processes  in the tissues of the lymphadenoid ring and palatine tonsils, accompanied by pain in the throat when swallowing saliva;
• paratonzillit - a frequent complication after a sore throat, characterized by damage to the tissues surrounding the tonsils;
• laryngitis - catarrh of the larynx due to the development catarrhal diseases (measles, tonsillitis, scarlet fever);
• mononucleosis - acute inflammation  tissues of the oropharynx, accompanied by lesions of the lymph nodes;
• scarlet fever - an infection of the upper respiratory tract with streptococcal flora, characterized by symptoms of intoxication, pain in the throat and fever;
• swine flu - severe viral pathology, manifestation of which is pain in the throat, hyperthermia, rhinitis, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.

Late treatment of infectious diseases can cause serious complications. Generalization of pathological processes leads to the defeat of vital organs and systems, which is fraught with even fatal outcome.

A clear sign of septic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract is subfebrile and febrile fever.

  Injuries to the throat mucosa

Injury of the mucous membranes of the airways - common cause  the appearance of discomfort when swallowing saliva. The throat can ache as a result of tissue damage with solid food, chemical reagents, toxic fumes, hot steam, etc. Due to the nature of the injury injury is divided into several categories:

Cicatricial formations lead to a narrowing of the lumen of the airways, which is fraught with difficulty breathing.

  Oncological diseases

Why does a sore throat hurt and swallow? Increased pain when swallowing, coupled with a feeling of squeezing of the pharynx, may be associated with the appearance of benign and malignant tumors. In the case of the appearance of tumors in the ENT organs, patients often complain of a dry cough, tickling, hoarseness, etc.

Due to the anatomical features of the structure of lymphadenoid tissues, most often tumors form in the palatine tonsils. Much less often tumors occur on back wall  pharynx and soft palate. Malignant tumors  progressing rapidly, therefore, with the appearance of characteristic symptoms, one should seek the help of a specialist.

On early stages  development of lymphosarcoma, epithelinomas and reticulosarcomas are easily surgical and drug treatment. However, it should be noted that the late elimination of cancers can lead to metastasis and the occurrence of pathological changes in the thyroid gland. In addition, as the tumor develops, it makes breathing difficult, which can cause asphyxiation.

  Venereal diseases

Swallowing, soreness and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the ENT organs can be a symptom of the development of a genital infection. Swollen voice, throat swelling and an increase in regional lymph nodes may be associated with the development of pathologies such as:

• syphilis - venereal bacterial diseasewhose pathogen is treponema; the introduction of pathogens in the ciliated epithelium leads to tissue compaction and the formation of chancre; as a result of a decrease in local immunity, the microbial flora penetrates into the lesion area, which causes purulent processes;
• gonorrhea - venereal pathology, which occurs as a result of the defeat of the genital organs by a gram-negative diplococcus; late treatment of the disease leads to damage to the mucous membranes of the oropharynx, conjunctiva and intestine.

Extragenital chancre on the mucous membranes of the throat can trigger the development of meningoneuritis, which is fraught with atrophy of the optic and auditory nerves.

Some clinical manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases are difficult to distinguish from the symptoms of tonsillitis. Syphilitic inflammation of the oropharynx is fraught with the development of severe systemic and local complications. For this reason, when a purulent plaque is found on the palatine tonsils and oropharyngeal mucous, it is undesirable to postpone the visit to a specialist for a long time.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia - pathological changes in the vegetative nervous systemcharacterized by a decrease in elasticity blood vessels  in internal organs  and systems. Often it is complicated by hyperventilation syndrome - disorders in the system of regulation of respiration.

Intensification of respiration leads to drying out of the mucous membrane of the oropharynx, as a result of which discomfort occurs.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia may be complicated by coronary heart disease, bronchial asthma  and hypertension.

Pathological changes in the vessels interfere with the normal gas exchange in the tissues, as a result of which their nutrition worsens and the reactivity decreases.

Due to a decrease in general and local immunity, the risk of developing infectious pathologies increases. Septic inflammation of the airways inevitably leads to pain when swallowing saliva.

  Gastroesophageal Reflux

Disruption of the gastro-esophageal reflux can lead to the release of gastric juice into the upper airways. Reducing the tone of the muscles responsible for the work of the lower esophageal sphincter, often causes aspiration of gastric masses. Caustic juices irritate the pharyngeal mucosa and provoke the appearance of microcracks and even burns.

The gradual draining of the ciliated epithelium is accompanied by tissue dystrophy and the formation of ulcers on the inner surface of the airways. The problem is further complicated by the fact that aspiration of gastric juice occurs several times a day, which is one of the causes of chronic inflammation of the throat. Reduction of local immunity creates conditions for the development of opportunistic organisms that cause septic inflammation and the formation of ulcers in the ciliated epithelium.

Cervical osteochondrosis is one of the causes of "pharyngeal migraine". Dystrophic changes in the joints, accompanied by lesions of the intervertebral discs, lead to the development of orthopedic disease. In the case of the development of pathology, patients complain of pain and a feeling of coma in the throat, tickling and difficulty breathing.

The mineralization of cartilage tissue immobilizes the vertebrae and creates an excessive load on the nerve roots.

Squeeze nerve endings  causes pain in the throat, radiating to the ear, neck, collarbone, heart and tongue.

You can solve the problem in case of timely referral to a neurologist. It should be understood that the treatment of osteochondrosis is to prevent the progress of degenerative changes in the spine and the elimination of pain due to damage to the spinal roots.

In case of inefficiency drug therapy  The patient is prescribed physiotherapy, manual therapy, spinal traction, massage or surgical treatment.

  Neurotic disorders

Functional impairment of swallowing may be due to muscle spasm of the pharynx. Hysterical lump (neurotic dysphagia), in which the swallowing reflex is disturbed, often occurs as a result of psycho-emotional overstrain, panic attacks or depression.

Excessive stress on the nervous system, associated with a severe mental state, leads to impaired conduction of nerve impulses. Thus, involuntary contraction of the muscles of the pharynx occurs, resulting in pain and discomfort. Patients may complain about the sensation of coma in the throat, which makes it difficult to swallow saliva and normal breathing.

If left untreated, patients concentrate on their feelings, which leads to the development of carcinophobia. In the event of a problem, you should seek help from a psychotherapist. Therapy with antidepressants and neuroleptics helps eliminate anxiety, depressive states and, accordingly, psychosomatic causes of the development of pathology.

If the soreness of the pharynx is accompanied by fatigue, muscular myalgia and apathy, this may indicate the development of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).

The disease results from the neurosis of individual centers in the autonomic nervous system. The provocateurs of pathological changes are:

• constant stress;
• excessive intellectual workloads;
• hypodynamia;
• poor environmental conditions;
• viral infections;
• chronic diseases.

In the event of a disease, patients feel discomfort when swallowing saliva, persistent headaches, joint and muscle fatigue, cognitive impairment, etc.

To date, the key reasons for the development of CFS remain unknown. The most convincing is the theory of viral origin of the pathology, according to which the triggers of chronic fatigue are retroviruses, herpes viruses, enroviruses, cytomelioviruses, etc.

The development of CFS may indicate the presence of immunological disorders, as evidenced by an increase in the concentration of immunocompetent cells in the blood.

Chronic fatigue syndrome is often a complication of somatizing disorders and depressive states. For the treatment of pathology used antidepressants, mineral complexes, autogenic training, psychotherapy and unloading and diet therapy. It should be understood that the sooner treatment is started, the higher the chances of eliminating diseases and discomfort in the throat. You can not postpone a visit to a specialist, if in addition to pain in the throat there is hyperthermia, heartburn, fever, hoarseness, weight loss, severe abdominal pain, etc.

The larynx is the deepest part of the throat, beginning at the throat and ending below the trachea in the chest. She is responsible for proper breathing. The structure of the larynx includes those responsible for the sounds that a person utters.

Pain in the larynx can be caused by various causes. However, if you do not pay attention to it, it can lead to a complete loss of voice, severe forms  choking.

If there is pain in the area of ​​the Adam's apple, nasty tickling inside the throat, a change in the tone of voice, incomprehensible pain in the chest area, why should you go to the doctor? The sooner the correct diagnosis is established and the treatment is started, the more effective it will be.  The consequences of the disease will not do much harm.

Laryngitis

The most common. There is pain in the area of ​​the Adam's apple. Present dry and sore throat. When you cough, you may experience pain in the chest. Especially hard flows in younger children. Most commonly caused by viruses, but other factors can influence.

Acute laryngitis is an infectious disease. May occur as a complication of bronchitis or tracheitis. There is a lump in the larynx. Manifested in barking dry cough, sometimes chest pain.

If you consult a doctor in a timely manner, laryngitis is cured without causing much harm to the patient.

During the illness you need to do:

1. Speak as little as possible. Whisper causes even greater muscle tension in the larynx area. Better to be silent for a while.
2. More often to air the room. Maintain moisture. Dry air is a throat irritant and does not contribute to its quick recovery.
3. Do not supercool. Keep your throat warm.
4. Drink more warm teas. This will help the early removal of the infection. Wetted vocal cords  rather restore their functions. For better discharge of sputum, warm milk with mineral water is helpful.
5. It is necessary to remove hot, bitter, sour and too salty foods from the diet.
6. At the time of illness should be completely stop smoking and alcohol.
7. In the treatment of laryngitis well soaring feet with mustard.

Important: do not rinse with laryngitis is not effective. Liquid does not enter the larynx.

Inhalation is very helpful. For them you can apply:

• Decoctions of herbs.
• Essential oils, in the absence of allergies.
• Soda solution.
• Mineral soda water.

Important: inhalation should not cause discomfort to the throat. Steam must be heated, not burned.

After the procedure for half an hour must be silent. It is necessary to do warming up of ligaments no more than 15 minutes. To restore the throat is good to drink raw eggs. If there is no allergy, then you should add a spoonful of honey and two tablespoons of brandy to the egg. This composition returns a voice.

Podskalochny laryngitis - part of the acute laryngitis. Observed in children under 6 years. False croup begins suddenly. First manifested in coughing, then whistling and wheezing in the chest when inhaling. The child suffocates for a while, then the state returns to normal.

An urgent appeal to the doctor. The younger the child, the faster it is necessary to do an examination by a specialist. A choking attack in the chest can lead to death. If children are under 3 years old, they are subject to immediate hospitalization. With proper treatment  inflammation can be completely cured in 1–2 weeks.

Chronic laryngitis

Causes - frequent acute laryngitis. His appearance contributes to the presence of bad habits (smoking, alcohol), work in a dusty or polluted environment, frequent overload of the vocal cords.

In chronic laryngitis, the voice changes, twitching appears, and a dry cough may be noted. However, the mucous membranes of the larynx not only inflamed, but also change their shape. Treatment requires a longer time and potent drugs.

Allergic laryngitis

May occur if a pair of different chemically active substances are present. It is expressed by swelling of the larynx and leads to difficulty breathing. Dangerous for children. With the disappearance of the allergen passes quickly.

Any form of laryngitis requires medical supervision. Properly established causes of the disease and adequate treatment will help to get out of a difficult situation with minimal losses.

One of the constituent organs of the larynx is the thyroid gland. Her diseases can also cause pain in the tub area.

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Thyroiditis

Inflammation of the thyroid gland. May have a different origin and course. Older women are more likely to be affected. It has a number of varieties:

Acute thyroiditis is of two types:

1. Purulent. It is a complication of infectious diseases. The infection enters through blood. This leads to the appearance of inflammation, which can later develop into an abscess.
2. Non-purulent. Causes: results of injury, radiation or hemorrhage. Inflamed lesions appear.

It is expressed by pain in the larynx, an increase in the gland, an oppressive sensation in the area of ​​the tub with an inhalation, pain on palpation. Possible swelling on the right and redness. It is treated if necessary with the use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs. In the presence of boils, surgical intervention is necessary.

Subacute thyroiditis is often a consequence. viral infections. May be in patients with HIV due to weakened immunity. With subacute course, pain in the throat is insignificant. The palpation of the thyroid gland in the adolescent area is somewhat enlarged and painful. If you do not treat a high probability of transition to the chronic form.

Glucocorticosteroids are used for treatment. At the onset of the disease, anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed to relieve pain. After a month of hormone therapy, thyroid drugs are attributed.

Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. May occur due to:

• Untreated forms.
• Immunity disorders (pregnancy, AIDS).
• Hereditary predisposition.
• Diabetes mellitus.

It can lead to both an increase and a decrease in the thyroid gland. It is a cause of thyroid cancer.

It is treated in the same way as the subacute form. The treatment lasts for several months, and sometimes years. It may be necessary surgical intervention. Thyroid tumor manifests itself in painful sensations  in the throat on the right, below the neck and around the tub. It occurs in women in menopause. It is often benign and can be cured if detected early.

The health of the whole organism depends on the work of the thyroid gland. If there is swelling or reddening during pain in the adolescent area, the thyroid gland is enlarged or has an uneven surface during palpation, an urgent need to consult an endocrinologist.

Injuries

For a situation when the larynx hurts, there can be various reasons.

Closed (blunt) injuries of the larynx occur when bruises, car accidents or sports injuries. There are various fractures of cartilage, ligament rupture or laryngeal tear. Cause pain shock. On palpation in the zone of the Adam's apple and below, the displacement and movement of cartilage is noticeable. May be accompanied by hemoptysis, chest and throat pain.

Internal injuries are caused by medical manipulations. They are sometimes called foreign bodiescaught in the larynx. There is severe pain inside the throat. When coughing, blood clots may be present. Burns cause inhalation of caustic fumes or hot air. Manifest choking strong cough, pain in the bottom of the larynx and chest.

Sometimes a torn ligament occurs when you scream or cough. Accompanied by severe pain  and complete dysphonia (lack of voice). All traumatic conditions require immediate treatment. Often surgery is required. Painkillers, anti-inflammatory and decongestants are prescribed.

Laryngeal tuberculosis

With the disease of tuberculosis, the pathogen can affect the mucous membrane of the larynx. There is sore throat, change in voice, incomprehensible heaviness in the chest. It is treated together with pulmonary tuberculosis. However, it requires a longer treatment. can cause various tumors. They can be located:

• Thyroid gland.
• The vocal cords.
• Predoor folds.

Their signs are:

• voice change.
• pain when swallowing right or left.
• pain in the depths of the larynx.
• the impression of an object stuck in the throat.

Determined by palpation, X-ray, ultrasound. It is treated surgically. After removal, histology is required. Causes: frequent inflammation, trauma, undertreated infections.

Larynx cancer

The first symptom of cancer is a change in voice. There may be pain when swallowing or difficulty breathing, chest pain. If the symptoms worsen over time, a specialist should be examined. Without treatment, metastases affect the surrounding organs.  This leads to sad consequences.

With persistent pain in the throat, redness, swelling and pain sensations  in the area of ​​Kadyk, it is necessary to consult a doctor. Only a doctor can understand all the intricacies of the disease and prescribe adequate treatment. The earlier treatment is started, the less it will bring costs and side effects.