How to eliminate pain and inflammation in the throat with the flu? T-sept®: emergency help for sore throat for the whole family

The throat is a part of our body that has a rather complex structure that corresponds to the functions performed. Through the throat pass vessels, esophagus, nerves. It provides the process of breathing and swallowing, as well as speaking. It is believed that the throat is an area starting at the oral and nasal cavities and ending at the trachea. Why would an ordinary person know the structure of the throat and larynx? When we know how our body works, we can better understand its work, protect ourselves from diseases, or approach their treatment more efficiently and correctly.

How the throat works

In the most general terms, the structure of the throat is two main parts: pharynx (pharynx) and larinx (larynx). Farinx is responsible for the promotion of food in the stomach and the penetration of air into the lungs. The main function of the larynx is the regulation of work vocal cords, that is, providing us with the opportunity to talk.

The structure of the throat in a child and an adult are the same, but in children all the cavities and tubes located here are much narrower. Because of this, any disease involving tissue swelling in a given area can be dangerous in terms of overlap. respiratory tract.

Our throat

Imagining the structure of the human throat, we first of all mean the pharynx, which is scientifically called the pharynx. It is located behind behind oral cavity  and goes down. In shape, it resembles a cone with a narrowing down. The upper extended part of the pharynx ensures the strength of this organ. The narrow lower part is connected to the larynx.

Since food and air pass through the pharynx through different channels, it is very important that muscles overlap one of these channels, otherwise food particles risk falling into the respiratory system and lead to disastrous results.

Parts of the pharynx

• Nasopharynx,
• Oropharynx.

Nasopharynx

The nasopharynx is the cavity that connects the inside of the nose and the upper part of the pharynx. Hoanas, special holes, just provide this connection. Further, the nasopharynx, falling down, goes into the middle throat. On the sides of the nasopharynx are the holes of the auditory tubes. Inside the nasopharyngeal cavity lining the mucous membrane, which is permeated with blood vessels, nerve endings  and mucus glands.

The structure of the nasopharynx allows it to perform several functions. It warms the air entering the body, moisturizes it, retains dust and microbes, and also gives us the opportunity to smell.

Oropharynx

The structure of the mouth and throat is easy to see in the mirror. The oropharynx is a middle part  throat It is bounded by the soft palate and the hyoid bone.

The main parts of the oropharynx

• Solid sky,
• Uvula
• Tonsils.

Tonsils are one of the most important parts of the pharynx, providing our protection against infection. In the oropharynx are the tonsils, which are also called glands. They are an accumulation of lymphoid tissue, produce substances that resist pathogenic microbes.

The oropharynx connects the oral cavity with the larynx. Its main function is to allow air flow to the bronchi and lungs.

Human larynx

The structure of the throat and larynx of a person is such that we can eat, breathe and talk, that is, make articulate sounds. It is the formation of sounds that is the main function of the larynx, which it can perform thanks to its device.

This organ is located at the level of the fourth to the sixth cervical vertebrae, at the top it starts from the hyoid bone and descends, passing into the trachea. Large vessels pass along its sides, behind the throat, with which it connects at the place where the oral cavity begins.

The structure of the larynx

• Epiglottis,
• Vocal cords,
• Cartilage.

The larynx is surrounded by nine cartilages that are interconnected, and these joints are mobile. The largest of them is thyroid. It consists of two elements resembling quadrangular plates. They are connected directly to the front of the larynx, forming a Adam. In men, it appears prominently on the surface of the neck, because the plates of the thyroid cartilage are connected almost at a right angle. In women, this angle is obtuse, so the Adam's Crown is almost imperceptible, but only palpable.

An important function is the epiglottis and the epiglottic cartilage. Thanks to this element, at the time of swallowing the entrance to the larynx is covered, and the food does not get into the respiratory tract and the vocal cords.

The movement of scarp-like cartilage is accompanied by the movement of the vocal cords. They either come together or diverge, which provides an increase or decrease in the glottis. Other cartilages provide tension on the vocal cords. The degree of openness of the glottis depends on the volume of the voice, and on the tension of the ligaments of its timbre.

So, the structure of the human throat helps him to ensure the performance of all its functions. If we know what it consists of and what role its elements play, we will take our health more seriously. In the case of diseases of the throat, of course, the doctor prescribes the treatment, but basic knowledge anatomical features  helps us understand the meaning of the doctor’s recommendations and motivates them to consciously carry them out.

The throat and larynx are important components of the body with a huge range of functions and a very complex structure. It is thanks to the throat and lungs that people breathe, the oral cavity is used for eating food, and also performs a communicative function. After all, the ability to make articulate sounds we owe to the mouth and language, and communication through speech is the main form of human communication.

  How does a man's throat work?

The anatomy of the throat is quite complex and interesting to study not only for the purpose of overall development. Knowledge of the structure of the throat helps to understand how to carry out its hygiene, why it is necessary to protect the throat, how to prevent the occurrence of diseases and effectively treat diseases in case of their occurrence.

The throat consists of the pharynx and larynx. The pharynx (pharynx) is responsible for the passage of air through the airways into the lungs and for the movement of food from the mouth into the esophagus. The larynx (larynx) regulates the functioning, ensures the production of speech and other sounds.

The throat is located in the region of the 4th and 6th cervical vertebra and looks like a cone tapering to the bottom. The throat starts from the hyoid bone and, going down, the transition to the trachea. The upper part of this channel provides its strength, and the lower part is connected to the larynx. Throat and pharynx merge in the oral cavity. On the sides are large vessels, behind - the pharynx. In is the epiglottis, cartilage, vocal cords.

The larynx is surrounded by nine hyaline cartilages, which are joined together by joints, that is, mobile joints. The largest cartilage is thyroid. It is formed from two parts, visually resembling square plates. Their connection forms the Adam, located on the front side of the larynx. Kadik is the largest laryngeal cartilage. The quadrangular plates of cartilage in men are combined almost at an angle of 90 degrees, because of which the adygum clearly protrudes on the neck. In women, the Adam's apple is felt, but it is more difficult to distinguish it on the surface of the neck, since the plates are aligned at an angle of more than 90 degrees. From the outside Each plate, both in men and women, is separated by two small cartilages. On them is the articular plate, connecting with the cricoid cartilage.

The cricoid cartilage is shaped like a ring due to the arcs on the sides and front. Its task is to provide a movable joint with thyroid and scaly-like cartilage.

Cepaloid cartilage, performing the function of speech, consists of hyaline cartilage and elastic processes, to which the vocal cords are attached. The epiglottic cartilage, located at the root of the tongue and visually similar to a leaf, also fits in with them.

The epiglottis, together with the epiglottic cartilage, performs a very important function - it separates the respiratory and digestive pathways. At the moment of immediate ingestion of food, the "gates" in the larynx close, so that the food does not penetrate into the lungs and to the vocal cords.

The voice is also formed due to cartilage.  Some of them provide the tension of the ligaments of the throat, which affects the timbre of the voice. Others, scaly, shaped like pyramids, make the movement of the vocal cords possible and regulate the size of the glottis. Its increase or decrease is reflected in the volume of the voice. This system is limited to vocal folds.

The difference in the structure of the throat of an adult and a child is insignificant and consists only in the fact that infants have less cavities. Therefore, diseases of the throat in babies, accompanied by severe puffiness, threaten to block access of air to the respiratory tract.

In women and children, the vocal cords are shorter than in men. In infants, the larynx is wide, but short, and is higher by three vertebrae. The timbre of the voice depends on the length of the larynx. In the transitional age, the formation of the larynx is completed, and the boys' voice changes significantly.

The human mouthful consists of several parts. Consider each of them in more detail.

The nasopharynx is located behind the nasal cavity and is connected to it through holes - Joan. Below the nasopharynx goes into the middle pharynx, on the sides of which are located auditory tubes. Its inner part consists of a mucous membrane, completely covered with nerve endings, mucus producing glands and capillaries. The main ones are warming the air inhaled into the lungs, moistening it, filtering germs and dust. Also thanks to the nasopharynx, we can recognize and feel smells.

Oral part - the middle fragment of the throat, consisting of the tongue and tonsils, limited to the hyoid bone and the sky. Connects to the mouth with the help of the tongue, provides the promotion of food through the digestive tract.

Tonsils perform a protective and hematopoietic function. The pharynx also contains palatine tonsils, called glands or lymphoid clusters. The glands produce immunoglobulin - a substance that can resist infections. The main function of the entire oropharynx is air delivery to the bronchi and lungs.

The lower part of the pharynx is connected with the larynx and passes into the esophagus. It provides swallowing and breathing, controlled by the lower part of the brain.

  Functions of the throat and larynx

Summarizing the above, the throat and larynx perform:

  Throat Prevention

In the cold season in countries with a temperate climate, it is very easy to get a cold or a sore throat. To avoid throat diseases and viral diseases  follows:

Do not forget that the throat and larynx must be carefully taken care of, since their diseases, especially in acute form, are fraught with serious consequences. folk recipes  can undermine your health.

The complex structure of the throat due to the many interacting and complementary elements that perform important functions for the human body. Knowledge of the anatomy of the throat will help to understand the work of the respiratory and digestive system, carry out the prevention of diseases of the throat and pick up effective treatment  emerged diseases.

The throat is a generic term that includes the pharynx, larynx, and trachea. The structure of the human throat is complex, like all other parts of the body.

It is necessary to know the structural features of the throat and larynx of a person in order to diagnose various diseases of this area. Under the designation "diseases of the throat" refers to disorders of any part of it. Therefore, the anatomy of the throat is the first and most significant direction in otolaryngology.

Throat anatomy

The throat, like the pharynx and the larynx, consists of osteomuscular and visceral parts. The osteomuscular apparatus provides movement of the head in three planes. Visceral consists of:

• swallowing, respiratory, thyroid and salivary glands;
• a pair of large nerve, vascular bundles;
• lymphatic centers.

The throat is cranially bounded by the lower edge of the jaw and the outer protrusion. occipital bone. Caudally it is bounded by an edge. chest bone, clavicular bone and protrusion C7.

The throat tissues are vertically and horizontally separated by three leaves of the neck fascia. They provide plasticity and mobility of the cervical muscles and organs during movements of the head and neck without manifestations of obstruction in the vascular, swallowing and respiratory tracts.

The superficial and pretracheal sheet of the cervical fascia is connected to the clavicle and the handle of the sternum, which prevents the spread of inflammation caudally. The space between the pretracheal and vertebral leaf that contains the cervical internal organs  and nerve vascular bundle, caudally weakly connected with intercostal space. The blood supply to the throat is provided by the branches:

• carotis ext .;
• thyroidea inf .;
• but. vertebralis.

The main venous outflow is directed to v. Jugularis int., The smaller goes to the vertebral and lower thyroid veins. Motorically, sensitively and vegetatively the throat organs are movable with the help of n. VII, IX, X, XI, XII (nerves 2–5 arterial arch), 8 throat nerve and cervical sympathetic, slightly with n. V.

The larynx (Latin: larynx) is a tube reinforced with cartilages that passes air into the trachea and then into the lungs. The larynx is the first part of the lower respiratory tract. The structure of the larynx is represented by cartilage, paired and unpaired.

Paired include a pair of vocal cartilage, for unpaired cartilage of the thyroid gland, the annular and the epiglottis. In addition, there are several small paired cartilages that are usually part of the ligaments. They are connected together by joints and ties, forming a moving device.

Throat structure is as follows:

• the larynx connects to the pharynx - the common area of ​​the digestive and respiratory systems - and passes into the trachea;
• the entire larynx is movably attached under the jaw with the help of the hyoid bone, muscles and ligaments, its walls are sealed with cartilage;
• the largest cartilage of the thyroid gland creates sexual difference, in men, stepping forward and forming Adam's apple.

Throat muscles

All the throat of a person is, first of all, muscles. The laryngeal muscles are involved in the structure of the larynx. They control the movement of cartilage, determine the voltage of the vocal cords and the width of the gap between them. Laryngeal muscles are divided into 3 groups.

Front muscles:

Musculus cricothy embroideus - is located from the front of the annular cartilage to the lower edge of the thyroid cartilage. This muscle is divided into 2 parts: vertical and oblique. Such a muscular structure tilts the thyroid cartilage forward, simultaneously straining the vocal cords.

Lateral muscles

The following are the lateral muscles:

• cricoarytenoid lateralis;
• Thyroarytenoideus;
• thyroepiglotticus.

1. M. cricoarytenoideus lateralis. Located from the upper edge of the annular cartilage to the projection of the voice. Performs internal rotation of the vocal cartilage and compresses the vocal cords.
2. M. thyroarytenoideus. Located around the vocal cords, from the cartilage of the thyroid gland to the voice. Promotes compression of the vocal cords.
3. M. thyroepiglotticus. Located from the cartilage of the thyroid gland to the edge of the epiglottis, extends beyond the epiglottis and extends the entrance to the larynx.

Back muscles

We carry the following back muscles:

• cricoarytenoid posterior;
• arytenoideus.

1. M. cricoarytenoideus posterior. It is located from the back of the ring to the protrusion of the vocal cartilage. Plays a role in the inclination of the vocal cartilage and its rotation, simultaneously opens the gap between the vocal muscles and strains them. People with the pathology of this muscle have a significant disturbance of sound and an obstacle to the free passage of air during breathing (they cannot take a “full” breath).
2. M. arytenoideus. Connects the voice cartilage in the back. The muscle has 2 sections - transverse and oblique. Its function is to reduce the gap between the vocal cords. The component that connects to the epiglottis belongs to this muscle, deflecting it backwards and narrowing the entrance to the larynx.

The pharynx (Latin: pharynx) is a common part of the digestive and respiratory system, through which food moves into the esophagus and stomach. The pharynx plays a very important role in breathing and in swallowing.

The pharynx is a funnel-shaped tube that connects the cavity of the nose and mouth with the stomach. The pharynx is located in the back of the throat, its length is about 15 cm. Similarly, as in the case of the structure of the throat and larynx, the surface of the pharynx is lined with mucous membranes, which protects it from the effects of gastric juices. The structure of the pharyngeal wall consists of ligaments and muscles.

The pharynx is located on the cranial base, and at the level of the annular cartilage of the larynx passes into the tubular esophagus. The border between the nasal and oral divisions is formed by a soft palate. It serves as a "crossroads" between the respiratory and swallowing ways.

The pharynx consists of 3 parts:

• nasopharynx;
• mouth part;
• guttural part.

The nasopharynx (nasopharynx - nasopharynx, pars nasalis) balances the pressure between the nasopharyngeal cavity and the middle ear cavity, the back wall of which is lymphatic tissue.

The oropharynx (otopharynx - oropharynx, pars oralis) lies behind the oral cavity. In the oropharyngeal wall, the lymphatic tissue extending from the root of the tongue is associated with the palatine tonsils. This part of the pharynx is a component of the body's defense system; it is a barrier located at the site of the most frequent penetration of infections.

The laryngeal part (laryngopharynx, pars laryngea) is the third part of the pharynx. It continues down from the oropharynx to C6 vertebra, where the pharynx passes through the esophagus. At the junction, a narrowing is observed between the guttural cartilages (front) and the spine (posterior).

The structure and function of the trachea

A trachea (trachea) is a breathing tube emanating from the larynx. It begins at vertebra level 6, gradually moving into rib cagewhere it ends with a divergence, which at the level of the vertebrae Th4 – Th5 expands into the bronchi.

The walls of the trachea are lined with 15-20 horseshoe-shaped cartilage. They have a height of 2–4 mm and are regularly formed. The first 3 cartilages at the ends often grow together or break up. The first cartilage is above the others. The last tracheal has a triangular surface.

Trachea is divided into:

• throat area (pars cervicalis);
• thoracic region (pars thoracica).

The area of ​​the throat extends from the cricoid cartilage of the larynx to the upper edge of the sternum (the handle of the sternum, the wider part, which has an articular surface for connection with the clavicle and the first pair of ribs).

Behind the trachea is the esophagus, which in relation to it is slightly rejected to the left. On the sides of the trachea are the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland (between the right and left pleural cavities). On the sides of the trachea on the left is the aortic arch, and around it - back and up - the nerves. The mucous membrane of the trachea is pink and contains small longitudinal cilia. Its surface is covered with a multi-line ciliary epithelium typical of the respiratory tract.

In case of damage or blockage of the airways, a tracheotomy is a surgical opening of the trachea outside, about 1 cm in diameter. This allows breathing outside the larynx.

A throat is a difficult part of the body. A large amount of it passes through its outer part. blood vessels  and nerves. It consists of the larynx, trachea, pharynx - parts, both jointly and separately, playing important roles in the respiratory and swallowing abilities of a person.

Video: Larynx

Now, when there is a flu epidemic in the country, the question of which drugs from the pharmacies in the arsenal can effectively and as quickly as possible get rid of the symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections. If we talk about such a symptom as a sore throat, then you should opt for drugs that are effective in viral etiology of diseases. Despite the wide choice of drugs in the "sore throat" category, presented today on the pharmacy shelves, many of them are antiseptics, and inflammation is the key cause of the development of sore throat. Therefore, the rational choice in this case will be drugs that have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. Of interest in this context is the preparation T-sept ® from Amaxa Pharma.

The active ingredient of the drug T-sept ® is benzydamine hydrochloride - a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and local anesthetic effect. It also exhibits a local anesthetic effect on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

Benzydamine hydrochloride has a potent inhibitory effect on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In their oppression, it is superior to NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen, which indicates the high anti-inflammatory efficacy of benzydamine and its ability to interrupt inflammatory process  at the earliest stages of its development (Abaturov AE et al., 2014). In addition, thanks to the analgesic effect of benzydamine in the preparation T-sept ®, one can get rid of worrisome sore throat after 1 minute (Deeva Yu.V., 2013) and thereby eliminate one of the main symptoms of a cold and flu.

T-sept ® is presented in two dosage forms: spray and lozenges. Both of these forms are loved by buyers. They are convenient to carry with them, because they do not take up much space in the bag and do not require special conditions for use, for example, at work. Thus, the representation of the drug T-sept ® in 2 dosage forms on the pharmacy shelf will help to satisfy the need of customers for their preferred release forms.

T-sept ® is a European-quality drug designed to eliminate pain and inflammation in diseases of the throat, which are often marked against the background of the flu, at an affordable price. In addition, it is recommended for use for all family members, including for children from 4 years of age (in the form of a spray). This is a reason to worry about the fact that T-sept ® was presented in a pharmacy in sufficient quantity. Thanks to this, the pharmacist will be able to provide the buyer with treatment that is relevant during the high season of the flu.

Press service of "APTEKA Weekly"

Information for the professional activities of medical and pharmaceutical workers. T-sept ® (T-sept ®). PBX code A01A D02. Product form: lozenges, No. 10 and No. 20, oral spray for 30 ml. Ingredients: benzydamine hydrochloride 3 mg in 1 tablet, benzydamine hydrochloride 1.5 mg / 1 ml solution. Indications: symptomatic treatment of irritating and inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx; pain caused by gingivitis, stomatitis, pharyngitis; in dentistry after tooth extraction or for prophylactic purposes. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to active substance  or other components of the drug. Side effects: feeling of numbness and burning in the place of application, allergic reactions: skin rash, dry mouth, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, photosensitivity reactions, angioedema, swelling and discoloration of the tongue, change in taste, paresthesia in the mouth, itching, urticaria. Rs No. UA / 13494/01/01 and UA / 13494/02/01 of February 26, 2014 until February 26, 2019 C complete information  about medicines  can be found in the instructions for use.

The structure of the human throat resembles an hourglass located at the front of the pharynx at the level of 4, 5 and 6 cervical vertebrae (below the hyoid bone). The larynx is an unpaired organ of the respiratory system. The front of the larynx is covered with muscles, fascia, skin, thyroid gland in the lower part and on the sides. The larynx connects to the pharynx through a special opening. From below, it passes into the trachea, on both sides of which large vessels are located.

  Composition of the body

The larynx consists of hyaline cartilage, movably interconnected by joints. Cartilage is divided into paired and unpaired. Laryngeal cartilage following:

1. 1 Cricoid cartilage - consists of a plate and arcs in front and on the sides. It resembles a ring shape. On the front and side surfaces are articular areas. It forms a movable articulation with scaly and thyroid cartilage;
2. 2 Thyroid cartilage - consists of 2 plates that are interconnected. The angle of connection in children, women and men is different. In children it is more rounded, in women it is sharp, in men it is more noticeable when swallowing. Kadik is considered the largest laryngeal cartilage. From outer edge  Each plate has 2 horns each: the upper ones are large, the lower ones are smaller. On them is the articular plate (for connection with cricoid cartilage);
3. 3 Creniform cartilage - in form resemble pyramids. The main part consists of hyaline cartilage, and the processes to which the vocal cords are attached are made of elastic. On the tops of scarp-like cartilage are carob cartilages, and in front of them are wedge-shaped;
4. 4 Nadgorny cartilage - shaped like a leaf. Attached to the vocal cord. It is located at the root of the tongue, blocking the entrance to the larynx when swallowing.

Externally, the larynx is covered with muscles, inside - the mucous membrane (ciliated epithelium, vocal cords, epiglottic cartilage, squamous epithelium). The glottis is able to change the size of its orifice under the influence of muscles and the precise work of the nervous system.

The ability to articulate speech is the hallmark of the human species. The laryngeal cavity is divided into 3 parts:

• top;
• average;
• bottom.

The middle cavity is between the false vocal cords and the real ones. It formed pockets, ventricles of the larynx. A similar structure of the vocal apparatus have gibbons (the stomach is smaller). They easily produce sounds similar to human speech. The larynx is a tube that consists of cartilage, muscles, ligaments, fascia. The glottis is the narrowest part of the larynx. At rest, it has the shape of a small triangle, which increases in size during a conversation. Its base is located between the horns of scarpiform cartilages.

The length of the vocal cords in women and children is shorter than in men. Such a structure has a direct impact on the timbre of the voice. The newborn's throat is wider and shorter. It is located higher by 3 vertebrae, where the formation of the larynx in puberty ends. Active growth is observed in boys aged 13-15 years, which leads to voice mutation.

  Function performed

The fonation is optional. Air, falling into the nasopharynx, passes into the throat. Then through the gate enters the larynx and trachea. Similarly, the respiratory function. The vocal cords have good innervation. When hit foreign body  there is a coughing fit. On the surface of the epithelium there are villi that "push" small foreign objectspenetrated the system.

The vocal cords are closed reflexively, performing a protective function. At the same time, access to oxygen is blocked. This condition is more often observed in children under 3 years old (laryngospasm or false croup). The pharynx has the shape of a cone. Its length is 12 cm.

The pharynx scheme is as follows:

1. 1 Nasopharynx - located behind the nose. The Eustachian tube is located in this part of the pharynx. It connects the throat and middle ear.
2. 2 Oral - located behind the mouth. With the contraction of the muscles of this part of the pharynx, colloquial sounds are formed. The muscles of the mouth and tongue push the food to the esophagus.
3. 3 Lower section - participates in the process of swallowing, provides air penetration into the lungs.

The upper part of the pharynx, the nasopharynx, is bordered at the top by the nasal cavity, and at the bottom by the soft palate. During swallowing, the palate blocks access to the nasopharynx, preventing food from entering the nose. This process is disrupted during sneezing. If the newborn is fed lying down, then breast milk will flow through the nose. On the back wall are clusters of lymphoid tissue - the tonsils.

The middle part of the pharynx communicates with the mouth with the help of the tongue, promoting the movement of food further along the alimentary canal. In this part of the body are lymphoid accumulations - palatine tonsils. They perform a protective function, producing immunoglobulin A. When an infection gets into the oral cavity, they increase in size.

The lower part of the pharynx enters the esophagus and is connected to the larynx. To coordinate the respiratory and swallowing movements of the system has good innervation. It is controlled by the lower part of the brain. The following muscles are located in the larynx:

• constrictors - narrow the glottis and the internal cavity of the larynx;
• dilators - expand the glottis and the laryngeal cavity.

Muscles easily change the tension of the vocal cords. The wall of the body consists of cartilage, which are combined into a tube. The mucous membrane of the larynx is covered with ciliated epithelium. It consists of mixed glands and lymphatic follicles. The outer connective membrane consists of elastic fibers.

  Anatomy of the larynx

Trachea (respiratory throat) - continuation of the larynx. It ranges between 6 neck and 5 thoracic vertebra. The length is 9-11 cm, and the diameter is 15-18 mm. At level 5 of the cervical vertebra, the organ is divided into 2 bronchi. The trachea consists of 16-20 fibrous semirings. Back wall  compacted and elastic, which ensures its movement during breathing.

The entire cavity, except for the vocal cords and the epiglottis, is covered with ciliated epithelium. A large number of glands and lymphoid tissue ensures the secretion of mucus, which (due to cilia on the mucosa) is excreted from the body along with microbes and toxins. At the same time the lungs and bronchi are protected from the inflammatory process.

The pharynx is located behind the oral cavity. It is presented in the form of an inverted cone, the length of which is 12 cm. At the top of the throat is presented in the form of a solid base. Externally, the farinx is covered with a layer of glands that produce mucus (moisturizes the mouth and throat).

The larynx performs the following functions:

• protective;
• voice forming;
• respiratory

The last function is considered the main one. In the larynx is the adjustment of air masses. This process is associated with narrowing and widening of the glottis. The glands that make up the epithelium perform a protective function (when food gets into the vestibular part, there is an paroxysmal cough).

The functions and structure of the nasopharynx and larynx prevent laryngism and asphyxia. Voice timbre depends on the structure and anatomy of the larynx. If you violate the functions of the larynx, it is recommended to make an appointment with a doctor. Treatment prescribed after examination of the patient. For this, specialists use various instrumental and laboratory techniques. The treatment is carried out taking into account the diagnosis and symptoms of the disease.