Variable forms bos. Recurrent bronchitis in children: the more dangerous complications

Recurrent bronchitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system organs, which is repeated three or more times a year, with an exacerbation duration of at least 14 days.

Classification

Adrift: recurrent bronchitis is divided into obstructive and non-obstructive. According to ICD 10, it has the code J40-J43. MCB 10 stands for international clinical classification.

Recurrent bronchitis is bronchitis without obstructive phenomena, the episodes of which occur for 14 days and longer, with a frequency of 2 or 3 times a year for up to 2 years against the background of ARVI.

Recurrent obstructive bronchitis  in children, it is bronchitis with symptoms of obstruction, with repeated attacks of bronchospasm on the background of acute respiratory viral infections in early childhood. The episodes are not repetitive, there is no direct connection with the action of non-infectious allergens.

1. Causes and factors of development in children and adults.
2. The presence of foci of chronic inflammation in the body.
3. Influence of external negative agents: inhalation of cigarette smoke, polluted toxic air, mold fungi, improper climate.
4. Age - most often sick children up to 10 years.

Features of the constitution:

1. Prolonged contact with an infected person.
2. Genetic characteristics of the body.
3. Not completed treatment of ARVI, cross-infection.
4. Having a child associated diseases  (anemia, diathesis, rickets, allergies).

In children early age  aspiration may cause recurrences alien bodies, pathology of development of soft and hard palate, immaturity of the alimentary tract, generic asphyxia.

Pathogenesis

The bronchi of a healthy person produce a secretion of mucous secretion that protects, serves as a barrier against viruses and bacteria. It provides warming of the inhaled air, hydration and purification of particles foreign to the body. Mucus contains specific substances that play an important role in local immunity.

Inhalation of microparticles (viral or bacterial nature, protozoa, fungal spores, dust particles, smoke components) get inside the respiratory tract. There is local irritation of the mucous membrane, redness, and the inflammatory process begins.

As a protective reaction, an increased amount of viscous mucus is produced, the lumen of the bronchi narrows, and the oxygen supply to the blood decreases. Excessive accumulation of secretion complicates the work of the breathing apparatus, threatens the occurrence of pulmonary insufficiency. In such an environment, pathogenic microorganisms multiply rapidly.

Chronic inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is fraught with a decrease in blood oxygen levels, metabolic disorders, an increase in the number of toxins. Later, seeking medical attention can lead to acute inflammation  lungs.

Symptomatology

The exacerbation of the disease resembles the clinical picture of acute bronchitis. The fever period lasts 4-5 days. Subfebrile body temperature can disturb a patient for a period of 10 days to a month. A dry cough appears after a few days from the onset of the disease, gradually becoming wet, more productive. Detachable sputum is mucous or mixed with pus. Quite often coughing attacks occur at night, making it difficult for a person to sleep. If relapsed chronic bronchitis is accompanied by ENT pathology (sinusitis, adenoiditis), then the cough is stronger in the morning, immediately after waking up. During the break between the attacks, the person is concerned about coughing due to physical exertion, postponed cooling, and emotional state (anger, resentment).

When conducting auscultation of the lungs, moist large and medium blistering wheezing, having a diffuse character, rough dry wheezing are heard. Expiration time increased.

Recurrent bronchitis in children:

• season-dependent: autumn-winter, less often - spring;
• course: two to three weeks;
• adults;

percussion examination data: shortened tone at the level of the second - sixth thoracic vertebrae. Clear pulmonary sound with a timpanic hue over the entire surface of the lungs;

auscultation: hard breathing, dry wheezing, moist large bubble. If large airways are affected, then no wheezing is possible.

Additional examinations:

• Blood test (from finger).
• Sometimes a slight decrease in hemoglobin level, an increase in white blood cell count, and an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
• X-ray examination.
• Extended roots of the lungs. Characterized by increased pulmonary pattern.
• Functional tests.

In 40-50% of cases there is a worsened passage of air through the bronchi.

Bronchoscopy

Changes of inflammatory nature are identified mainly with localization in the region of the large bronchi and trachea.

Cytological analysis of sputum. In the mucus detected neutrophils, single epithelial cells of the bronchi, reducing the number of macrophages.

Interpretation of results

It is necessary to consider the integrity of the clinical picture, the data laboratory research, radiograph, indicators of functional samples. The correct diagnosis can only be made by a doctor. Chronic bronchitis with relapses is quite a serious disease of the respiratory system.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis is performed with whooping cough. Common symptoms are episodes. paroxysmal cough. Recurrent bronchitis requires increased attention.

Treatment

When exacerbation of chronic recurrent bronchitis prescribed bed rest (up to 10 days). It is recommended to be in a room that is often ventilated.

Antibacterial therapy

Appointed if available bacterial infection. The antibiotic is taken 5-8 days, depending on the condition of the patient.

1. Expectorants, sputum diluents (ambroxol, lasolvan, mukaltin, ACC).
2. Inhalation. First, it is recommended to make salt alkaline solutions (up to 10 days), later prefer phyto preparations.
3. Drugs that stimulate local immunity (gamma globulin).

For signs of latent bronchospasm, antispasmodic and bronchodilator drugs are prescribed. Vitamins: C, group B.

Prevention

A positive effect is walking in the fresh air. It is necessary to monitor the surroundings, try to avoid contact with sick people, in time to sanitize the foci of chronic infection.

Respectfully,

ICD 10 codes
   J20 Acute bronchitis
   J20.0 Acute bronchitis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae
   J20.1 Acute bronchitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae (Pfeiffer wand)
   J20.2 Acute bronchitis caused by streptococcus
   J20.3 Acute bronchitis caused by the Coxsackie virus
   J20.4 Acute bronchitis caused by paragrip virus
   J20.5 Acute bronchitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus
   J20.6 Acute bronchitis caused by rhinovirus
   J20.7 Acute bronchitis caused by EChiruses
   J20.8 Acute bronchitis caused by other specified agents
   J20.9 Acute bronchitis, unspecified

Diagnostic criteria:
   1. Cough, which at the beginning of the disease has a dry, obsessive nature. On the 2nd week it becomes wet, productive and gradually disappears.
2. When examining children with patients with acute bronchitis, there are no signs of respiratory failure (shortness of breath is not pronounced, auxiliary muscles do not participate in the act of breathing, there is no cyanosis), and the symptoms of intoxication are not pronounced.
   3. With palpation and percussion, there are no changes in the lungs.
   4. Auscultatory listened to hard breathing, extended exhalation. Rattles are heard on both sides in different parts of the lungs, coughing changes. At the onset of the disease, wheezing is dry, and over time, non-sound, moist small, medium and coarsely bubbling rales appear, according to the diameter of the affected bronchi.
   5. Changes in hemogram non-permanent, may manifest accelerated ESR with normal or reduced white blood cell count.
   6. On the chest radiograph there is an increase in the pulmonary pattern, the shadow of the root of the lungs is expanded, not clear.

Treatment:
   Hospitalization for suspected complications.
   A complete diet, according to the age of the child, enriched with vitamins, high-calorie. In hospitals, table No. 5 is taken as the basis. Symptomatic treatment includes:
   o Expectorant and mucolytic drugs of synthetic and plant origin (prospan, fluditek, gerbion, hedelix N-acetylcysteine, bromhexine, lasolvan, mukaltin, ambrohexal, pertussin, licorice root, althea root, plantain leaf, potassium iodide, etc.) Prepare for the licorice root, althea root, plantain leaf, potassium iodide, etc., Prepare for licorice root, althea root, plantain leaf, potassium iodide, etc. and in inhalation.
   o Cough suppressants are prescribed only for obsessive, unproductive, dry cough - in order to suppress cough. Apply (glaucine, libexin, tusuprex, butamirate, bronholitin).
   o Antihistamines (claritin, tayled, semprex) are indicated for children with allergic manifestations.
   o Multivitamins (revit, oligovit, pickavit, etc.) are prescribed in doses that exceed physiological needs.
   o For hyperthermia - antipyretic (paracetamol, ibuprofen).

Vibrating massage along with postural drainage - effective with productive cough
   In the hospital setting, physiotherapeutic procedures are effective: UHF-therapy, microwave therapy, diadynamic and sinusoidal modulated currents, various electrophoresis options. (КІ, Сас2, МgSO4).
   Etiological therapy is prescribed taking into account that in 90-92% of cases the cause of acute bronchitis is a viral infection, therefore modern etiotropic treatment should use specific antiviral therapy and minimize the use of antibiotics.
Antiviral drugs are effective in the first two or three days of the disease. Apply: rimantadine, Arbidolens, Amiksin, Rebetol, interferons, Dna-basics, etc.
   According to the recommendations of V.T.Tatochenko and co-authors (2000), indications for prescribing antibiotics for acute bronchitis can be:
   1. Children of the first 6 months of your life;
2. Heavy current  bronchitis (neurotoxicosis, etc.);
   3. The presence of burdened premorbid background (birth trauma, prematurity, malnutrition, etc.);
   4. The presence of active chronic foci of infections (tonsillitis, otitis media, etc.);
   5. Suspected stratification of a bacterial infection:
    Fever with body temperature above 39 ° C;
    Flaccidity, refusal to eat;
    pronounced symptoms of intoxication;
    Presence of shortness of breath;
    Asymmetry of wheezing;
    Leukocytosis, accelerated ESR
   Since when acute illness  there is no data on the pathogen in a particular patient, the choice of the drug is based on the recommendations of an empirical starting therapy, taking into account the possible etiology of the disease and the sensitivity of a possible pathogen in this region.
   ABOUT the right choice  An antibiotic is indicated by the rapid onset of treatment effect.
   Apply drugs:
    cephalosporin (cefalexin; cefadriksil; cefazolin; cefaclor; cefotaxime; ceftriaxone);
    protected penicillins (augmentin; amoxiclav)
    macrolides (azithromycin)
   At the stage of rehabilitation measures, respiratory gymnastics, massage, phytotherapy (mother-and-stepmother, plantain, licorice, altea medicine, calamus, thermopsis, thyme, etc.) are shown.
Protocol for treating acute bronchiolitis in children
   ICD 10 codes
   J21 Acute bronchiolitis
   J21.0 Acute bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus
   J21.8 Acute bronchiolitis caused by other specified agents.
   J21.9 Acute bronchiolitis, unspecified

Diagnostic criteria:
   1. On examination, a significant violation of the general condition, symptoms of rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, catarrhal symptoms.
   2. Body temperature is usually normal, sometimes subfebrile, hyperthermia is very rare.
   3. Severe respiratory failure: dyspnea of ​​expiratory character, participation in the act of breathing of the auxiliary muscles, swelling of the wings of the nose, intercostal space involvement, cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle.
   4. Signs of impaired bronchial patency (extended anterior-posterior chest size, horizontal location of the ribs, the omission of the diaphragm).
   5. When percussion is noted boxed percussion sound.
6. During auscultation, hard breathing is heard, the exhalation is extended, moist small, finely bubbling rales, on exhalation dry, whistling rales.
   7. Marked tachycardia is noted, heart sounds are weakened.
   8. On the chest radiograph, there is an increase in the vascular pattern, an increase in the transparency of the lungs due to obstructive emphysema, and an increase in the bronchus pattern.
Treatment:
   1. Hospitalization.
   2. A complete diet, according to the age of the child, enriched with vitamins, high-calorie. In the hospital - diet number 5.
   3. Sanitation of the upper respiratory tract
   - electric pump
   - drainage: postural, vibratory
   4. Oxygen therapy with moistened oxygen (40%), every 2 hours, or 2-3 times a day, depending on the condition of the child.
   5. Mucolytic and expectorant drugs of synthetic and vegetable origin
   - enterally (prospen, bromhexin, lasolvan, sodium or potassium iodide, herbion, etc.).
   - Inhalation (sodium bicarbonate, acetylcysteine, evkabal, marsh).
   6. The introduction of fluid in order to normalize the acid-base status of the blood, the fight against intoxication, through the use of colloidal and crystalloid solutions.
7. Antibacterial drugs:
   - cephalosporins (cefazolin, ceftriaxone)
   - semi-synthetic penicillins (amoxicillin, augmentin, amoxiclav, etc.)
   8. Antiviral drugs at the beginning of the disease (arbidol, interferons, ribavirin).
   9. Cardiotonic drugs in the presence of severe tachycardia (strophanthin, Korglikon).
   10. Glucocorticoids with severe respiratory failure (prednisone, hydrocortisone).
   11. Vibrating massage. Massage of the chest.
   12. Physiotherapeutic procedures: microwave therapy, various electrophoresis options, UHF-therapy.

The treatment protocol for acute obstructive bronchitis
Diagnostic criteria:
   1. An extended wheezing exhalation, which is heard at a distance from the patient.
   2. When viewed swollen rib cage  (horizontal placement of ribs), participation in the act of breathing of the auxiliary muscles, retraction of intercostal spaces, signs of respiratory failure are absent.
   3. Cough dry, paroxysmal, prolonged. At the end of the first week goes into wet.
   4. Perkutorno determined boxed shade of pulmonary tone.
   5. Auscultation is heard hard breathing, exhalation is extended, a lot of dry wheezing. There may be medium and large bubble rales.
6. On the roentgenogram of the chest, there is a dilution of the pulmonary pattern in the lateral parts of the lungs and thickening in the medial (latent emphysema).

Treatment:
   a. Hospitalization.
   b. The diet is hypoallergenic, complete, according to the age of the child.
   c. Antispasmodics enterally or parenterally (no-shpa, papaverine), inhalation (mixture Dombrovskoy, Evdoshchenko).
   d. Bronchodilators: bronchoadrenomics (alupente, salbutamol, fenoterol), theophylline (aminophylline).
   e. Mucolytics and expectorant drugs of plant and synthetic origin (acetylcysteine, lasolvan, bromhexin, proscen, trypsin, etc.).
   f. Vibrating massage and postural drainage.
   g. Physiotherapy: electrophoresis with aminophylline, MgSO4
   h. Herbal medicine with the use of hypoallergenic plants (licorice, mint, thyme, wild rosemary).
   i. At the stages of rehabilitation, therapeutic breathing exercises, speleotherapy, hardening, spa treatment.
   j. (Southern coast of Crimea).
   k. Clinical supervision by an allergist.
Urgent Care  must be rendered with obstruction, which is accompanied by:
   - Increased breathing up to 70 per minute. and higher.
   - Anxiety of the child, changes in the position of the body in search of the most comfortable posture, tension in the intercostal muscles.
   - The appearance of difficulty exhaling with contraction of the muscles of the chest.
   - Central cyanosis.
   - Reduced PO2.
   - Increase РСО2.
   It is necessary to supply oxygen through the nasal catheters, the introduction of beta-agonists in an aerosol. You can enter glucocorticoids (dexamethasone 0.6 mg / kg at the rate of 1-1.2 mg / kg / day or prednisone 6 mg / kg at the rate of 10-12 mg / kg / day).
   The effectiveness of treatment is evidenced by a decrease in respiration rate by 15 or more per minute, a decrease in expiratory noises.
   The indications for transfer to mechanical ventilation are:
   - The weakening of respiratory noise during inhalation;
   - Preservation of cyanosis by inhalation of 40% oxygen;
   - Reduced pain response to the stimulus;
   - Reduced PaO2 below 60 mm Hg. v .;
   - Increased Pac2 above 55 mm Hg. Art.

Treatment protocol for recurrent bronchitis
   Diagnostic criteria for recurrent bronchitis consist of symptoms of acute (simple) bronchitis, which are repeated 3 or more times a year.
   1. A long course of exacerbation (3-4 weeks or longer).
   2. A moderate increase in body temperature, but more often for 2-4 days. There may be a long subfebrile condition.
3. A long (3-4 days) cough that dominates the clinical picture and has the most diverse character (dry, often wet) is rough. Phlegm has a mucous or mucopurulent character.
   4. In the period of relapse, the general condition of the child suffers little. No signs of respiratory failure.
   5. Percussion tone over the lungs is not changed.
   6. Auscultatory listening hard breathing. There are dry or wet low-sound medium and large bubble rales. Wheezing scattered, varying in character and localization, shorter than cough.
   7. On the chest radiograph, there is an increase in the pulmonary pattern, expansion of the roots of the lungs, which persists even during remission.

Treatment:
   At the outpatient stage in the period of exacerbation, appoint:
   1. Mucolytic and expectorant drugs (lasolvan, bromhexin, aceticysteine, prospen, gerbi, althea root, licorice, etc.).
   2. Antioxidants (vitamins of group B, C, E, A, unithiol).
   Immunocorrectors (Imunal, Groprinosin, Ribomunyl, Bronchomunal, IRS-19, Probiotics).
   3. If necessary, bronchodilators (atrovent, salbutamol).
   4. Respiratory physiotherapy: inhalation with the addition of drugs, vibratory massage and postural drainage, therapeutic bronchoscopy).
   5. Detoxification therapy (enterosorbents, vitamins, pectins).
   6. Speleotherapy in the mines of artificial microclimate with dry sodium chloride mixtures.
   7. Application of laser acupuncture on biologically active pointswhich are associated with the respiratory system and immunity, as well as hydrolaser douche.
   At the stages of rehabilitation, methods of hardening, the appointment of membrane stabilizers, antioxidants, detoxicants, eubiotics, drugs that stimulate the function of the adrenal cortex and the adaptation and protective functions of the body, therapeutic breathing exercises, kinesitherapy, treatment in local pulmonary sanatoriums and on the southern coast of Crimea are used.

Medicine is in constant search for new methods of treating diseases, preventing and creating conditions for extending the life of people. Without systematization of all previously obtained knowledge, it would be very difficult to move forward in this direction. The method of accounting for all knowledge, statistics is the ICD - International Classification of Diseases. This document is the basis of the classification of diseases in health care.Periodically, data are reviewed, supplemented and refined.

The tenth edition of the ICD is currently in force, the transition to which was implemented in Russia in 1999.

What is a disease?

In the ICD is located and one of the most common diseases - bronchitis. This disease is found in every second inhabitant of our planet, people are sick of them. different ages, but children and old people are most affected. Symptoms are well known - cough, which gradually changes from dry to wet, fever, general weakness, excessive sweating.

Recurrent obstructive bronchitis is a repeated exacerbation of bronchial obstruction, which occurs several times in one season, usually against the background of an existing infection. Simply put, cured acute obstructive bronchitis, may again become aggravated after a person has a common cold. Such outbreaks of exacerbation that occur several times in a short period of time are commonly referred to as relapses.

What causes recurrent obstructive bronchitis?

Acute respiratory viral infections serve as provocateurs of obstructive bronchitis relapses. Most often, this disease is characteristic of children, and young children. In the medical field, recurrent obstructive bronchitis is called the precursor of asthma.

This is explained by the fact that children who are prone to frequent obstructions bronchial tree  most prone to the development of further attacks of bronchial asthma.

How does recurrent obstructive bronchitis proceed?

As mentioned above, relapses are repeated outbreaks of a recent illness. In the case of obstructive bronchitis, relapses can occur during the first two years. The impetus for relapse is an infectious lesion of the body, it is ARVI.

Against the background of the main symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections: insignificant or subfebrile body temperature, redness of the throat, enlarged tonsils, nasal discharge, cough turning into a strong dry cough. General weakness of the body, lack of appetite. Within a few days, the symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections are reduced, and the cough becomes wet, the discharge of mucous or mucopurulent sputum increases.

In the lungs, coarse rales are heard, isolated, dry or moist, finely or coarsely bubbly, with varying quantitative and qualitative indicators before and after coughing.

For recurrent conditions, it is important to observe during periods of remission, the recovery of the body after an illness. It is worth noting that after the acute phase of recurrent obstructive bronchitis subsides in remission, there is a so-called “increased readiness for cough”. An example is the situation in which a breath of fresh, frosty air or another provoking factor causes severe attack  cough

How to recognize recurrent obstructive bronchitis?

The most informative methods are considered an X-ray photograph of the chest, in which one can clearly see a greatly enlarged pulmonary pattern. The clarity of the pulmonary pattern is more pronounced in the period of exacerbation, but in a state of remission, its increase significantly differs from the norm.

In the acute period bronchoscopy is well-informative. With its help, it is possible to timely detect the spread of catarrhal or catarrhal-purulent endobronchitis.

The bronchography is also indicative in which a contrast agent is injected into the bronchi and as it advances, the bronchial tree is covered. Recurrent obstructive bronchitis gives a picture of a very slow or partial filling of the bronchi, or a visible narrowing of the bronchial lumen, which indicates the presence of bronchospasms.

In clinical and biochemical analyzes of blood and urine, there are no particular changes that characterize the disease being analyzed.

Differential diagnostics

When making an accurate diagnosis in young children, a detailed differential diagnosis should be made in order to exclude bronchial asthma. The diagnosis of " bronchial asthma"Will be delivered if:

• Exacerbation of the obstruction more than three times in a row in a calendar year.
• Aggravated allergic history or the presence of any pronounced allergic reaction.
• Eosinophilia (presence of eosinophils in peripheral blood).
• Lack of elevated temperature during the onset of obstruction.
• Positive allergic indicators in the blood.

What is the treatment of recurrent obstructive bronchitis?

The algorithm for the treatment of acute obstructive bronchitis is also used to treat the recurrence of this disease. Separate, specially developed treatment regimens for precisely relapses are not. To exclude subsequent recurrences of the disease, it is necessary to carry out constant and targeted prevention.

For the period of treatment, the necessary mode of rest, nutrition and breathing is provided. Indicators for the total temperature are required for inhaled air, it should be within +18 - +20 degrees and humidity not lower than 60%. Warm and humid air contributes to the removal of bronchospasm, dilution of sputum and alleviate the overall condition.

The main task in the treatment of obstructive bronchitis is to remove the bronchial congestion. This task is well managed, consistently used, according to certain schemes, drugs of such groups as mucolytics and bronchodilators. Small children most often similar drugs are prescribed in the form of inhalation.

Antibiotic therapy is prescribed solely for the indications. May be a period of 3 to 7 days.

Chronic bronchitis (ICD code 10 - J42) and in our time is a very common disease. And one of the most common in the area of ​​respiratory diseases. Chronic bronchitis is a consequence of acute bronchitis. It is the acute form, which is constantly repeated, that leads to the chronic form. In order not to suffer from this disease, it is important to prevent the recurrence of acute bronchitis.

What is chronic bronchitis?

  In simple terms, this is inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. As a result of inflammation, a large amount of sputum (mucus) is secreted. A person's breathing suffers. It is broken. If excess sputum is not excreted, bronchial ventilation is impaired. The mucus literally floods the cilia of the ciliated epithelium, and they cannot perform their function, the function of exile. Although due to an insufficient amount of mucus, the activity of the cilia is also disrupted.

There are two forms of chronic bronchitis - primary (independent inflammation of the bronchi) and secondary (the bronchi are affected by infection in infectious diseases). The cause is a defeat by a virus or bacteria. The effect of various physical (or chemical) stimuli is also possible. Caused by bronchitis and dust. They are called - dust bronchitis.

The nature of sputum is also different: just mucous or muco-purulent; putrefactive; may be accompanied by hemorrhage; croupous

Chronic bronchitis can cause complications:

• asthma syndrome;
• focal pneumonia; From this article, you can learn what to do when a cough does not pass after pneumonia.
• peribronchitis;
• emphysema.

Causes and risk factors

Foci of chronic infection, diseases of the nose, nasopharynx, accessory cavities contribute to the development of chronic bronchi

Chronic bronchitis is caused by recurring acute bronchitis. So the best prevention in this case would be a quick cure for the acute form of the disease.

Prevention of secondary bronchitis: physiotherapy, hardening (is of great importance), the reception of general tonic means. Such remedies include: pantocrinum, ginseng, eleutherococcus, lemongrass, apilac, and vitamins.

The development of chronic bronchitis is promoted by smoking, dustiness, air pollution, alcohol abuse. The same can be the cause of diseases of the nose, nasopharynx, accessory cavities. Promote re-infection foci of chronic infection. This disease can be caused by a weak immune system.

The earliest signs

With exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, cough increases, sputum purulence increases, fever is possible.

The first, most important symptom is coughing. It can be "dry" or "wet", that is, with or without sputum. There is pain in the chest. Most often the temperature rises. Lack of temperature is a sign of a weak immune system.

With a simple form of bronchitis, bronchial ventilation is not disturbed. Symptoms of obstructive bronchitis are wheezing because ventilation is impaired. With exacerbations, cough increases, sputum purulence increases, fever is possible.
  Diagnosis of chronic bronchitis is usually not in doubt.

The four main symptoms - cough, sputum, shortness of breath, deterioration of the general condition. However, when establishing the diagnosis, it is necessary to exclude other diseases of the respiratory system.

Treatment methods

Bed rest, humidified air and ventilated room are the main conditions for the treatment of bronchitis

Treatment depends on the stage of the disease. General measures in various forms - the prohibition of smoking, the elimination of substances that irritate the respiratory tract; treatment of rhinitis, if any, of the throat; use of physiotherapy and expectorants. Additionally, antibiotics are prescribed for purulent bronchitis, and for obstructive bronchitis, bronchospasmolytics and glucocortecoids (steroid hormones) are prescribed.

  What are the symptoms of untreated bronchitis, indicated in this article.

How is the treatment of bronchitis with pine buds, it is indicated in the article.

What antibiotics for acute bronchitis should be taken is indicated in the article here: http://prolor.ru/g/lechenie/kak-vylechit-bronxit-antibiotikami.html

Hospitalization is required only in very serious condition.

With high temperature bed rest is required. In other cases, you can do without bed rest, but it is necessary to observe a more or less strict peace. Indoor air needs to be humidified. Now let's talk specifically about the methods of treatment.

Medication Treatment

Strong antibiotics for bronchitis   used only in severe or advanced form, because first of all the immune system suffers from their use. Appointed only by a doctor individually..

Here it is necessary to remember that there are also natural antibiotics. These include primarily propolis. Chronic bronchitis often affects adults and alcohol tincture can be used: 40 drops should be diluted with water. This solution is taken 3 times a day. In this proportion, propolis should be taken the first three days, then the dosage is reduced to 10-15 drops. You can use its aqueous extract: 1 tsp. 4-6 times a day. Treatment with propolis (as well as herbs) is long, up to a month. Natural antibiotics also include calendula flowers. Recall about others

  effective drugs:

• Acetylsalicylic acid. Do not neglect such simple means  and in our time. It should be taken strictly after meals, from three times a day. It reduces chest pain, lowers fever, eliminates fever. Acts like a decoction of raspberries.
• Expectorants. Here you need to decide what you like best - herbs or ready-made pharmacy forms. Pharmacists offer a huge selection, these are various syrups: Althea, licorice root, primrose flowers, etc. The syrup and ointment Dr. MOM are very effective. They have only plant base. There are also finished products like bromhexin, ambrobene, gedelix, ferwex. All of them are effective, but pay special attention to contraindications. This article identifies expectorant cough syrups for children.
• With obstructive bronchitis effective licorine hydrochloride. The drug has a bronchodilator effect, dilutes sputum well. But he has contraindications.

Folk remedies

For the treatment of chronic bronchitis folk remedies in adults are used:

What herbs are still used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis? Marsh marsh, Altea medicinal and anise. Elderberry black (used for fever), common heather, spring adonis. This is the tributary of medicinal, medunitsa medicinal, violet tricolor.

And one more remedy, if there are no contraindications, available to everyone is milk. Nothing clears the bronchi and lungs like milk. But in case of illness, it should be drunk with soda and oil (even better - fat, fat). If bronchitis is accompanied by coughing, effective grandmother's cough recipes, such as figs with milk, milk with soda, and homemade cough drops, will help.

  The first recommendation for bronchitis is to drink plenty of fluids! It is great if it is berry juice. Very effective berries are cranberries, viburnum, raspberries, sea buckthorn, lingonberries.  Chamomile tea, just tea with lemon (freshly brewed). Drink must be warm! Cold, even room temperature - is unacceptable.

Physiotherapy is a necessary part of treatment. But you can start physiotherapy not earlier than the temperature will drop. What applies to him? All known and affordable mustard plasters, banks. Compresses on the chest will also help. They must be warming. Can backstroke. It is advisable to use inhalations with medicinal herbs. Rubbing the lard, badger fat, pharmacy rubbing. Useful light rubbing massage.

You can make a "dry" inhalation ": 4-5 drops drip on a hot frying pan essential oil  (pine, spruce, juniper, eucalyptus, etc.).

The role of nutrition. In chronic bronchitis, nutrition should be light! The presence of large amounts of vitamins is invaluable, especially vitamin "C". Not fatty chicken broth is useful. It can not be neglected.

Note: if at the very beginning of the treatment, take a laxative (leaf of the sena, buckthorn bark), clean the body, it will be easier for him to cope with the disease. The body's defenses will become stronger.

Important: means restoring the immune system can not be used in the acute stage! These include apilak, pollen, immunal, ginseng, Eleutherococcus, etc. You will receive this during the recovery period.

Video

Read more about proper treatment  chronic bronchitis in this video:

To summarize: you can cure chronic bronchitis! The main thing is not to give up and do not leave treatment. Do not allow the disease to return. It is very important to individually choose a medicine that is right for you. Weigh the pros and cons". And do not forget about prevention.

Recurrent obstructive bronchitis

Recurrent obstructive bronchitis is a repeated exacerbation of bronchial obstruction, which occurs several times in one season, usually against the background of an existing infection. Simply put, cured acute obstructive bronchitis, may again become aggravated after a person has a common cold. Such outbreaks of exacerbation that occur several times in a short period of time are commonly referred to as relapses.

ICD-10 code J44 Other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease J44.0 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute respiratory infection of the lower respiratory tract J44.1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with exacerbation, unspecified J44.8 Other specified chronic obstructive pulmonary disease J44.9 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Unspecified disease J41 Simple and mucopurulent chronic bronchitis

What causes recurrent obstructive bronchitis?

Acute respiratory viral infections serve as provocateurs of obstructive bronchitis relapses. Most often, this disease is characteristic of children, and young children. In the medical field, recurrent obstructive bronchitis is called the precursor of asthma.

This is explained by the fact that children prone to frequent obstructions of the bronchial tree are most susceptible to the development of further attacks of asthma.

How does recurrent obstructive bronchitis proceed?

As mentioned above, relapses are repeated outbreaks of a recent illness. In the case of obstructive bronchitis, relapses can occur during the first two years. The impetus for relapse is an infectious lesion of the body, it is ARVI.

Against the background of the main symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections: insignificant or subfebrile body temperature, redness of the throat, enlarged tonsils, nasal discharge, cough turning into a strong dry cough. General weakness of the body, lack of appetite. Within a few days, the symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections are reduced, and the cough becomes wet, the discharge of mucous or mucopurulent sputum increases.

In the lungs, coarse rales are heard, isolated, dry or moist, finely or coarsely bubbly, with varying quantitative and qualitative indicators before and after coughing.

For recurrent conditions, it is important to observe during periods of remission, the recovery of the body after an illness. It is worth noting that after the acute phase of recurrent obstructive bronchitis subsides in remission, there is a so-called “increased readiness for cough”. An example is a situation in which a breath of fresh, frosty air or another provocative factor causes a strong fit of coughing.

How to recognize recurrent obstructive bronchitis?

The most informative methods are considered an X-ray photograph of the chest, in which one can clearly see a greatly enlarged pulmonary pattern. The clarity of the pulmonary pattern is more pronounced in the period of exacerbation, but in a state of remission, its increase significantly differs from the norm.

In the acute period bronchoscopy is well-informative. With its help, it is possible to timely detect the spread of catarrhal or catarrhal-purulent endobronchitis.

The bronchography is also indicative in which a contrast agent is injected into the bronchi and as it advances, the bronchial tree is covered. Recurrent obstructive bronchitis gives a picture of a very slow or partial filling of the bronchi, or a visible narrowing of the bronchial lumen, which indicates the presence of bronchospasms.

In clinical and biochemical analyzes of blood and urine, there are no particular changes that characterize the disease being analyzed.

Differential diagnostics

When making an accurate diagnosis in young children, a detailed differential diagnosis should be made in order to exclude bronchial asthma. A diagnosis of bronchial asthma will be made if:

• Exacerbation of the obstruction more than three times in a row in a calendar year.
• Aggravated allergic history or the presence of any pronounced allergic reaction.
• Eosinophilia (presence of eosinophils in peripheral blood).
• Lack of elevated temperature during the onset of obstruction.
• Positive allergic indicators in the blood.

Who to contact?

  Pulmonologist

What is the treatment of recurrent obstructive bronchitis?

The algorithm for the treatment of acute obstructive bronchitis is also used to treat the recurrence of this disease. Separate, specially developed treatment regimens for precisely relapses are not. To exclude subsequent recurrences of the disease, it is necessary to carry out constant and targeted prevention.

For the period of treatment, the necessary mode of rest, nutrition and breathing is provided. Indicators for the total temperature are required for inhaled air, it should be within +18 - +20 degrees and humidity not lower than 60%. Warm and humid air contributes to the removal of bronchospasm, dilution of sputum and alleviate the overall condition.

The main task in the treatment of obstructive bronchitis is to remove the bronchial congestion. This task is well managed, consistently used, according to certain schemes, drugs of such groups as mucolytics and bronchodilators. Small children most often similar drugs are prescribed in the form of inhalation.

Antibiotic therapy is prescribed solely for the indications. May be a period of 3 to 7 days.

Good therapeutic effect  they have physiotherapy and physical therapy, massage exercises aimed at improving blood circulation and ventilation of the lungs.

In difficult situations, when repetitions of obstruction often occur, treatment can be delayed for up to three months or more. The treatment includes drugs used in bronchial asthma in a mild form.

Special individual schemes and doses of drugs are prescribed, depending on the degree of complexity of the form of the disease, the age of the child and the presence of associated diseases.

More about treatment

  Treatment of bronchitis Physiotherapy for bronchitis Obstructive bronchitis: treatment of folk remedies Treatment of obstructive bronchitis in adults Antibiotics for bronchitis Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults: when prescribed, the names What to treat? Fagotsef Tsebaneks

What is the prognosis for recurrent obstructive bronchitis?

A child's body many diseases simply outgrow. These diseases include obstructive bronchitis.

At the dispensary observation, children are for 2-3 years after the first attack of the disease and are removed from it, if during the period of observation there was no recurrence. From all this, it follows that recurrent obstructive bronchitis has a favorable prognosis for complete cure.

Tracheobronchitis

The inflammatory process that takes place in the bronchial tubes, bronchi and trachea is the tracheobronchitis. Consider the symptoms of the disease, methods of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for recovery.

This disease is characterized by lesions of the mucous membrane of the respiratory system and rapid spread. To date, there are several types of it, but the most common is acute, chronic and allergic. Each species is an independent disease that requires proper diagnosis and therapy.

Inflammation affects the upper respiratory tract, extending below, covering the bronchi. Often occurs as a result of transferred bronchitis and other lesions of the respiratory system, subject to improper or untimely treatment.

ICD-10 Code

The ICD 10 code indicates in which category of the international classification of diseases a particular pathology is located.

Tracheobronchitis belongs to class X. Respiratory diseases (J00-J99):

• J00-J06 - Sharp respiratory infections  upper respiratory tract.
• J10-J18 - Influenza and pneumonia.
• J20-J22 - Other acute respiratory infections of the lower respiratory tract.
• J30-J39 - Other diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

J40-J47 - Chronic lower respiratory diseases.

• (J40) Bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic
• (J41) Simple and mucopurulent chronic bronchitis
  • (J41.0) Simple chronic bronchitis
  • (J41.1) Muco-purulent chronic bronchitis
  • (J41.8) Mixed, simple and mucopurulent chronic bronchitis
• (J42) Nonspecific chronic bronchitis
  • Chronic tracheitis
  • Chronic tracheobronchitis
• J60-J70 - Lung Disease Caused by External Agents.
• J80-J84 - Other respiratory diseases affecting mainly interstitial tissue.
• J85-J86 - Purulent and necrotic conditions of the lower respiratory tract.
• J90-J94 - Other diseases of the pleura.
• J95-J99 - Other respiratory diseases

  ICD-10 code J04.1 Acute tracheitis J20 Acute bronchitis

Causes of tracheobronchitis

The main etiological factor in the development of inflammation is the activation of viral or bacterial flora. As a rule, this is due to the disruption of the normal state of the protective functions of the body and the mucous membrane under the influence of provoking factors.

Most common causes  diseases:

• Hypothermia
• Smoking and drinking.
• Drinking cold drinks and lots of cold food.
• Tracheal mucosa injury.
• Chronic infectious diseases (sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis).

In most cases, the disease appears due to the interaction of two factors, for example, hypothermia due to alcohol intoxication. A separate category includes smokers. The mucous membrane is inflamed due to constant trauma from the smoke and harmful substances emitted by the cigarette. This type of disease requires a long and complex treatmentoften recurs.

There is a risk group in which people suffer from frequent mood swings, stresses, and not observing diet and rest. In this case, even a slight weakening of the immune system allows the virus to enter the body and spread to the mucous tissues of the respiratory tract.

To protect yourself from damage to the respiratory tract, you should avoid overwork and hypothermia, especially in the winter-spring period, when the body is most weakened. In addition, it is better to give up bad habits, that is, smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. Acute respiratory viral infections, pneumonia, whooping cough, typhoid and other diseases provoke a secondary, but more serious damage to the respiratory organs.

Is tracheobronchitis contagious?

Many patients suffering from inflammatory diseases  respiratory tract, interested in the same question: how much they are charged. So, regardless of the form of the disease, the infection is transmitted by airborne droplets or respiratory infections. Duration incubation period  is 2-30 days, depending on the type of pathogen. But most often the symptoms begin to appear in the first three days after infection.

In some cases, malaise is a complication of the flu or acute respiratory viral infections, but it can occur on its own. The patient complains of mild ailments, a dry cough appears, after which there are painful sensations  in the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. The state of health worsens, body temperature rises, shortness of breath is possible, difficulty exhaling. In addition, there is anxiety, sweating, rapid breathing. These signs indicate that the pathology is progressing, and the patient can infect others.

Symptoms of tracheobronchitis

The main symptoms are tickling, dry hacking cough and soreness in the lower part of the throat and chest. The disease is characterized by the following manifestations:

• Slight indisposition
• Dry cough
• Pain after coughing in the diaphragm
• Excessive sweating
• Breathing fast
• High temperature up to 38 ° С
• Inability to take a deep breath and exhale
• Shortness of breath
• Bluish lip color
• Hoarse voice (indicates the development of laryngitis)

Complement the picture of the symptoms of pain between the ribs and in the anterior abdominal wall, fever. After a while, shortness of breath and sputum production appear, which indicate that the pathology has taken a chronic form and the patient's condition worsens. It is also possible the development of angina due to the deterioration of blood circulation. Note that ignoring the symptoms leads to the fact that the disease is transformed into a more dangerous form - pneumonia, that is, inflammation of the lungs.

Temperature at tracheobronchitis

An increase in temperature in inflammatory lesions of the mucous membrane of the bronchi, trachea and bronchioles is a concomitant phenomenon. In addition to coughing, the disease is accompanied by fever, if it does not exist, this may indicate bronchial asthma or other more serious pathologies. Cough without fever occurs in patients with lung pathologies, for example, congenital malformations or bronchiectasis.

Elevated temperature is a protective reaction of the immune system, that is, in this way, the body tries to restrain the further spread of the infection. Because of a viral or infectious infection, the body begins to produce interleukin, which gets into one of the brain regions. For these processes is responsible hypothalamus, which stops the heat transfer due to the development of additional energy. This protective function inhibits reproduction and infection.

In addition to the heat, patients complain of severe headaches and general malaise, aches in the whole body, and a hoarse voice. As a rule, the temperature keeps the first 2-4 days of illness. If adequate therapy was provided, the patient’s condition improves. If this does not occur, the patient is prescribed antibiotics, medicines and other drugs. Sometimes fever persists after suffering inflammation of the bronchi and trachea, in which case it is only by-effect  disease, which will pass after the recovery of the body.

Cough with tracheobronchitis

Cough is one of the main symptoms of tracheobronchitis. In a healthy body, the glands located in the bronchi produce a small amount of mucus, which is itself removed from the body. But because inflammatory process  the mucous membrane dries out, resulting in a cough, pain in the chest and increased production of mucus. It can be paroxysmal and increase in acute and chronic forms of the disease. Very often, the main diagnosis and treatment plan depends on its type.

It may be accompanied by sputum separation. In the early stages of the disease, the cough is quite painful and loud. But over time, it becomes dry, goes into a wet form and is characterized by an increased sputum secretion. The duration depends on the stage of the disease and related symptoms. If he became strong and causes sharp painsthen this indicates a complex lesion of the respiratory organs, which requires urgent medical attention.

Acute tracheobronchitis

Diffuse inflammation of the upper airway or acute tracheobronchitis is viral disease. Its main reason is infection with bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci). There are many causes of malaise: smoking, running cold, exposure to external stimuli. The disease is characterized by seasonal exacerbations and, without proper treatment, becomes chronic.

Chronic tracheobronchitis

Most often, people who work in dusty conditions (miners) or have bad habits (smoking, alcoholism) suffer from chronic tracheobronchitis. The chronic form is characterized by paroxysmal dry cough with a small amount of sputum. The disease causes comorbidities (sinusitis, rhinitis, sinusitis) and can last more than three months.

Long tracheobronchitis

Prolonged form of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract occurs due to improper or untimely treatment. In this case, therapy is a long process and a long recovery period, since the body has been microbially affected, and gas exchange is disturbed in the lungs. The patient suffers from fever and strong coughwhich occurs both day and night.

Treatment involves medication and strengthening the immune system. Patients prescribed antibiotics and drugs to increase the immune forces. Special attention should be paid to the methods. alternative medicine. Patients are advised to consume more citrus fruits, fresh juices and fruits, as they increase the body’s resistance to the disease. Black radish juice helps to get rid of the disease in a short time, warning the transformation of inflammation into chronic.

Allergic Tracheobronchitis

Allergic tracheobronchitis is characterized by an acute inflammatory lesion of the airways. The main infectious agents are pneumococci, staphylococci, streptococci and other microorganisms. During the period of the disease there is a general deterioration of the patient’s condition, lethargy, loss of appetite, fever. The peculiarity of allergic inflammation is pain and burning in the chest, strong dry cough, which is accompanied by the release of mucus mucus.

Infectious tracheobronchitis

For an infectious form of lesions of the bronchi and trachea, an acute mixed infection is characteristic. Patients develop general weakness and malaise, increased body temperature, painful sensations behind the sternum, dry cough, which eventually turns into a wet one. Breathing becomes hard, wheezing appears.

As a rule, this type of disease is most common in the winter. People prone to respiratory illnesses and smokers suffer from a relapse of the ailment. A prolonged pathology can cause allergies, sinusitis and bronchiectasis. Diseases are susceptible to both adults and children. Without proper therapy, blockage of the small bronchi and the development of hypoxia due to impaired gas exchange in the bronchi and lungs are possible.

Purulent tracheobronchitis

Purulent inflammation of the upper respiratory tract occurs due to abnormal or inadequate treatment  acute form. Most often it occurs due to the use of drugs that are not sensitive to the causative agents of the disease. In the bronchi, fluid in the form of sputum gradually accumulates and purulent discharge. About 250 ml of sputum can be released per day, which indicates the progression of the pathological process.

Main symptom purulent inflammation  - This is a strong cough, shortness of breath and shortness of breath. Previously transmitted diseases that have assumed a chronic form may provoke its development. In this case, appears moist cough  with the separation of purulent or thick purulent sputum. For a long period of time the subfebrile temperature is kept, the patient complains of increased fatigue, general weakness and sweating.

Without proper treatment, pathological symptoms lead to obstruction, that is, impaired bronchial patency due to accumulation of secretions. This pathology is considered the most severe, so in most cases the treatment takes place in a hospital. If the disease takes a chronic form, it can worsen due to a cold, allergic reaction, stress and surge.

Antibiotics, which are susceptible to harmful microorganisms, are used for recovery. To do this, a patient takes a smear of sputum for seeding on the flora. To mucus and purulent accumulations quickly retreated, apply mucolytic agents and antihistamines. Besides drug therapy  patients are prescribed inhalation, physiotherapy, physiotherapy and heat treatments. Drinking plenty, eating healthy and strengthening the immune system speeds up the healing process.

Obstructive tracheobronchitis

Non-allergic inflammation of the bronchi of the chronic form is a disease of obstructive form. It is dangerous in that because of obstruction of the bronchi, their ventilation and gas exchange is disturbed. Most often, ailment occurs in smokers with a long experience, and passive smokers, that is, people who are in a smoke-filled room are at risk. Adverse environmental conditions, professional harmful conditions, bad habits and viral infections contribute to the development of the inflammatory process.

There are a number of internal factors that increase the risk of developing the disease, first of all it is a genetic predisposition. There is a theory that states that people with blood group II have a predisposition to this pathology. Premature babies, patients with congenital alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and lack of IgA, are also in the group. As for the symptoms of obstructive form, it is a cough and shortness of breath, severe, wheezing, fever.

• Diagnosis begins with inspection. Due to the prolonged inflammatory process, the chest becomes barrel-shaped, possibly bulging supraclavicular spaces and swelling of the neck veins.
• If the disease is complicated by heart or respiratory failure, then swelling appears on lower limbs, cyanosis of the lips, fingertips, epigastric pulsation. In addition to respiratory disorders, the disease causes tachycardia, hypercapnia, and high blood pressure.
• Mandatory are instrumental research methods. For this purpose, pneumotachometry and peak flowmetry are used to evaluate the bronchial patency. Electrocardiography and X-rays allow you to diagnose pathology of the lungs and heart. Complications are possible in the form of secondary infection and chronic pulmonary heart disease.

As therapy, patients are prescribed antibacterial and expectorant drugs. A prerequisite for recovery is the elimination of risk factors. Observation of dietary and physiotherapeutic procedures will not be superfluous.

Recurrent tracheobronchitis

The occurrence of 2-5 episodes of respiratory lesions per year indicates a recurrent disease. As a rule, the disease lasts for 2-3 weeks and is characterized by the reversibility of pathological changes in the bronchopulmonary system. Relapses are directly related to colds, inflammatory diseases, viral and bacterial lesions. The main role is played by risk factors. These can be chronic infectious foci, for example, sinusitis, adenoiditis or rhinitis. The health factors are adversely affected by environmental factors: smoking, including passive, harmful working and living conditions.

They are thoroughly approached for diagnostics, as the history is of paramount importance. The task of the doctor is to find out the factors causing painful symptoms. The clinical picture of the inflammatory process depends entirely on its period, it can be exacerbation, complete remission or regression. As a rule, relapses do not differ from the acute form and are characterized by seasonality of occurrence. Recovery is long and difficult.

Viral tracheobronchitis

Viral affection of the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, that is, the upper respiratory tract, most often occurs due to a weakened immune system. The body does not cope with infectious pathogenstherefore, characteristic signs of malaise appear. Disturbed nasal breathing and nasopharyngeal infections are considered risk factors. The main symptoms are fever, general weakness, cough with sputum.

The viral version of the disease can be transmitted through personal contact with the patient. For infection enough to infect the air with infected particles of mucus and saliva. Treatment begins with a complete diagnosis of the patient. Antibiotics are not used for therapy, since this type of drugs is not effective. The patient is prescribed expectorant syrups, grinding and other thermal procedures.

It will not be superfluous to observe the rules of hygiene: airing the patient's room, frequent wet cleaning with disinfectants. To prevent recurrence, it is recommended to strengthen the immune system. Patients are prescribed vitamins, prophylactic gymnastics, avoiding bad habits and a balanced diet.

Catarrhal tracheobronchitis

Catarral tracheobronchitis does not extend to the lungs, but is characterized by abundant excretion  mucus and lack of obstruction. It can be acute and chronic. Most often, it affects smokers and people working in conditions of high dust and gas content. The main cause of the disease is untimely or inadequate treatment of the common cold. Sharp respiratory disease  causes bronchial inflammation, which can take on a chronic appearance. Hygiene failure oral cavity, hypothermia, smoking, alcoholism - this is one of the causes of indisposition.

The main symptom is cough and fever. In addition, drowsiness, general malaise, headaches, and rapid heartbeat are possible. After a few days, sputum appears, runny nose. If you ignore the above symptoms for 2-3 weeks, the disease takes a chronic form, the treatment of which is very complex and long. Without proper treatment, the illness can lead to bronchial asthma, pneumosclerosis or emphysema.

Tracheobronchitis in children

Tracheobronchitis in children is often a complication after ARVI. The main causes of illness in childhood are a weakened immune system, malnutrition, congestion in the pulmonary system and complications after infectious diseases. The symptoms are similar to viral infections and laryngitis, so careful diagnosis is required.

The child complains of a strong dry cough that reaches vomiting, laryngitis, elevated temperature, hoarse voicechest pain. When these symptoms occur, urgent treatment is required. health care. Focusing on the characteristics of the child’s body and the severity of the disease, the doctor selects a treatment. To speed up recovery, I prescribe the rubbing of the interscapular space and the sternum with irritating ointments. Inhalations, medical gymnastics, thermal procedures (mustard plasters) and physiotherapy will not be superfluous.

Tracheobronchitis during pregnancy

The main causative agent of inflammatory disease during pregnancy is bacteria and viruses. Allergic form is extremely rare. Due to contact with the upper respiratory tract mucosa, pathogens multiply actively, causing impaired blood circulation and puffiness. Gradually, the inflammation spreads to the bronchi, which causes intensive sputum production, that is, bronchial mucus.

Symptoms of the disease in pregnant women are similar to signs of ARVI. A woman complains of cough, fever, general weakness. With the progression of the cough becomes dangerous, as is accompanied by tension in the abdominal muscles. By the nature of the secreted sputum, you can determine the type and severity of indisposition. In some cases, bronchospasms are added to the above described symptoms, that is, difficulty in exhalation and a strong, convulsive cough.

The acute course of the disease lasts from 7 to 32 days. If before the pregnancy, the woman had chronic inflammation, then during the gestation period it may worsen. Impaired respiratory functions and oxygen deprivation are dangerous for the unborn child, as they can lead to hypoxia, hypertonia of the uterus, uterine bleeding, premature birth or miscarriage. The treatment plan is made after consultation and diagnosis with a doctor. If the disease has an acute form, the treatment can be carried out in a hospital.

• Full rest, sleep and walks in the fresh air - this will prevent intoxication and accelerate the secretion of mucus accumulated in the bronchi.
• Plentiful drink - liquid accelerates removal of slime. You can use not only warm water, but also teas, herbal infusions, compotes and natural juices. Drinks with caffeine should be discarded.
• Air humidification - in order for the mucous membrane of the bronchi not to dry out, it is recommended to humidify the air. For these purposes, suitable special humidifier, which will prevent the growth of microbes.
• Healthier nutrition and strengthening the immune system - this will make it easier to transfer the unpleasant manifestations of the disease and speed up the healing process.

Residual effects of tracheobronchitis

Residual effects after suffering tracheal bronchitis indicate that the disease has become chronic. The bronchial system is deformed, breathing is disturbed, often there are asthma attacks. In addition, there is a slight increase in temperature, which is maintained for a long period of time and sputum production. Patients feel general weakness, body aches and soreness behind the sternum. This all happens against a background of decreased appetite and bouts of dry cough.

• Increased temperature - for its elimination you can take Aspirin or Paracetamol. Such drugs as: Coldrex, Antigrippin and Ferveks have anesthetic and anti-inflammatory effect.
• Cough - A strong cough causes painful sensation behind the sternum. To eliminate it is recommended to take Tusupreks and Bronholitin. To speed up sputum discharge, take Ambroxol and Bromhexin.
• Shortness of breath - for its elimination, bronchodilator medications are taken, for example, Teopek tablets, an inhalation aerosol Salbutomol or Berotec.
• Headaches - appear because of a cold and cough. For the treatment used combination drugs. Medicinal properties  possess and folk remediesFor example, menthol oil and eucalyptus extract.

Complications

If the inflammation of the bronchi and trachea has a long course or is constantly progressing, this indicates the development of complications. This is usually due to the lack of suitable therapy. The most common complication is the transition from a simple to a chronic disease. In some cases, the disease leads to the development of emphysema, acute respiratory failure, bronchopneumonia and inflammation of other systems and organs due to the ingestion of infectious agents that are carried to the bloodstream.

• Bronchopneumonia is a complication of acute inflammation. It develops due to the layering of a bacterial infection and due to a decrease in local immunity.
• Chronic form - occurs due to acute inflammation repeatedly suffered (more than 3 times a year). With the elimination of provoking factors may completely disappear.
• Obstructive pulmonary disease - occurs due to secondary infection and long-term disease. Obstructive changes indicate a predastmenny condition and increase the risk of bronchial asthma. In addition, cardiopulmonary and respiratory failure occurs.

Diagnosis of tracheobronchitis

Diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the trachea and the bronchial tree is an important process, and the treatment regimen and the prognosis for recovery depend on the effectiveness and results of which.

Basic diagnostic methods:

• Examination of the patient, percussion and auscultation, that is, listening and percussion of the lungs.
• X-ray - allows you to identify pathological processes in the lungs and possible complications  diseases.
• Sputum analysis - the sowing of bacterial flora is necessary to exclude severe and dangerous diseases of the respiratory system (cancer, asthma, tuberculosis).

According to the results of diagnostics, antibiotics and drugs for sputum removal, fever and other painful symptoms are selected for the patient that is sensitive to the pathogenic microflora.

Who to contact?

  Pulmonologist

Treatment of tracheobronchitis

The treatment regimen completely depends on the form of inflammation of the upper respiratory system and the patient's condition.

• If malaise without complications, that is, lung, then adherence to the regime and physiotherapy procedures (electrophoresis, inhalation) can improve health. In this case, antipyretic and mucolytic agents are taken for temperature and sputum production. Antibiotics are prescribed only when other medicines are not effective against microorganisms that provoke inflammation. As a rule, patients are prescribed a seven-day course with sulfanilamide medication.
• For the treatment of acute lesions of the respiratory system, it is extremely important to air the room in which the patient is located. This will protect against overheating and speed recovery. If the disease is accompanied by complications, then antibiotics are prescribed Penicillin, Oxacillin, Metsillin, as well as sprays for inhalation, which easily penetrate the bronchi and trachea, evenly distributed over the mucous membrane.
• If the disease is uneventful, only sulfa drugs are prescribed. In case of impaired blood circulation and respiration, Strofantin, glucose solution and Cititon intravenously are used. In therapy severe forms  oxygenotherapy has established itself, that is, the introduction of oxygen into the patient's body.
• If the inflammation is allergic in nature, then the patient is prescribed expectorant and antihistamines, alkaline inhalations, physiotherapy and physiotherapy.

In all cases, the prognosis is favorable, but in the chronic form, complex therapy is used, the outcome of which depends on the duration of the illness and the degree of possible damage to the whole organism.

Read more about the treatment of tracheobronchitis here.

Diet with tracheobronchitis

Dietary nutrition is important for any disease, including colds. Properly formulated diet will make it easier to transfer the symptoms of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchi and trachea, to overcome disease viruses and bacteria. Food should be balanced, rich in vitamins, minerals and proteins.

• It is necessary to eat often, but in small portions, that is, to adhere to the fractional mode. A large amount of protein will prevent protein starvation, which occurs due to its loss during a strong cough and sputum release. The fact is that protein is a material for building tissues, organs and cells, it participates in muscle contractions and synthesizes peptide hormones, hemoglobin and enzymes.
• In addition to protein in the diet should be present fats and carbohydrates. They can be obtained from cereals, bakery products, fruits and berries. Do not forget about complex carbohydrates that improve digestion and stabilize blood sugar levels.
• Dairy products enrich the body with lacto and bifidobacteria, stimulate the digestive process. These products reduce the harmful effects of antibiotics used in treatment and prevent putrefactive processes in the intestines.
• To remove sputum need to use more fluid. Perfect herbal decoctions, infusions and teas. For example, hot tea from sage, linden or elderberry has a diaphoretic effect. Whey or decoction with honey or anise is useful for dry cough. And onion juice accelerates expectoration.
• Freshly squeezed juices, especially a drink made from beets, carrots and apples, will give not only a charge of vitality, but also a daily dose of vitamins necessary for the body's recovery.

Prevention

Any preventive measures are always aimed at preventing the recurrence of the disease. The most important rule is the timely treatment of any catarrhal ailments. If a dry cough has appeared, then it is worth drinking a course of antitussive medicines that will stop the pathological process. At this time, you can moisten the inflamed tracheal mucous with hot drinks and milk, honey, raspberries, or by inhalation.

• If you work outdoors or outdoors, then you are at risk for developing inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. As a preventive measure, it is recommended to wear a special respirator mask that covers the nose and mouth.
• At the first symptoms of indisposition do inhalation. Exercise and sports help to strengthen the respiratory system, a beneficial effect on the entire body. Sports contributes to the earliest possible sputum.
• Colds are forbidden to carry on their feet. It is better to give the body to recover and overcome viral infection. To do this, you need to spend a couple of days at home, eat right and drink more fluids.
• Bad habits such as smoking are one of the factors causing malaise. Passive smoking significantly increases the risk of developing the disease. Give up the bad habit to maintain health.

Forecast

The prognosis depends entirely on the form and extent of the spread of the inflammatory process. As a rule, acute and allergic forms have a favorable prognosis. But the chronic version requires an integrated approach. The result of treatment depends entirely on the duration of the disease and the degree of damage to the internal organs.

Acute uncomplicated form lasts about 14 days. If there are complications or the disease has a protracted course, then the pathological process will last for a month or more. Chronic inflammation characterized by periods of exacerbations and remissions is also distinguished by special duration.

Hospital with tracheobronchitis

A sick-list for diseases of the respiratory system is given for up to 10 days. This is if the ailment is mild. If the recovery does not occur within the allotted time and the patient needs additional days for treatment, then a hospital commission of VCC is created and the hospital sheet is extended. But on average, patients get sick for 5-7 days.

Tracheobronchitis is dangerous disease, improper or neglected treatment of which can lead to serious consequences. Timely diagnosis and adherence to preventive measures is the key to healthy breathing.