How to treat a runny nose in an infant. Runny nose in an infant: how to heal and what to do.

Before treating a runny nose in a newborn baby, it is necessary to figure out for what reasons it arose and whether it should be treated at all.

In most cases, runny nose in children during the first months of life is not the result of the disease and does not require treatment at all. In detail the causes of rhinitis at this age, we have considered. And now we will find out what parents should do in all situations and how to treat a newborn's runny nose if it really needs to be done.

When rhinitis is not necessary to treat

The newborn baby does not need to be treated with medication:

1. Physiological rhinitis, lasting from birth and usually lasting for 1-2 months until the mucosa adapts to breathing with air with normal parameters;
2. The reaction to various irritants in the air;
3. Drying of the nasal mucosa due to too hot and dry air in the room.

All these respiratory disorders are normalized by simple organizational procedures.

During physiological rhinitis in a child and its reaction to dry air in the room, parents should do everything possible to ensure timely removal of excess mucus from the baby’s nose and to prevent it from drying out. Even a slight excess of snot in a newborn can lead to blockage of the nasal passages and nasal congestion, since the lumen of the upper respiratory tract at this age is very small. Therefore, if a physiological rhinitis is noticeably manifested in a newborn, parents need to:

1. Humidify the air in the room to achieve a humidity of 60-75%;
2. Regularly - 1 or 2 times a day - remove snot from his nose with an aspirator;
3. Give the child to drink water or special children's teas. Breast milk does not cover the body's need for excess fluid, and therefore breastfeeding alone may not be enough for the baby’s mucus to be excreted in normal amounts.

Saline is best suited for moisturizing dry nasal mucosa.

With obvious signs of drying of the nasal mucosa, a newborn should be instilled into each nostril 1-2 drops of saline or salted water prepared at home (per liter of water a teaspoon of salt). You can replace them with tools based on sea ​​water.

Prohibited!

Babies should not rinse their nose or spray any sprays into it. Many sea-based moisturizers today are marketed precisely in the form of sprays or nasal showers. Their use in children under one year is dangerous! Newborns can only be buried in the nose drops.

It is possible to instill oil in the nose of a newborn to soften the mucous membrane only when dry crusts appear, only in the absence of liquid (even thick) snot and only in cases when it is impossible to use saline. This is usually done before bedtime. Before using oil drops, consult a doctor.

The main thing parents should remember: you can't get rid of it. All they can do is wait until it is finished and provide the child with maximum comfort in this state.

If a runny nose in a newborn is a reaction to pollutants in the air, it is necessary first of all to identify such irritating agents and eliminate them. It is not always easy to do, but this is exactly the situation when parents can help a newborn with a cold more than a doctor.

Sometimes the cohabitation of pets can cause irritation of the nasal mucosa in a child.

In most cases, children react with a head cold to the presence of such substances in the air:

1. Chlorine from tap water or cleaning products;
2. Cigarette smoke;
3. Dust;
4. Pet hair and bird fluff.

It is highly likely that if these irritating agents are eliminated, the child’s runny nose will go away. For this you need:

1. Replace all cleaning products with ones that do not contain chlorine;
2. Water for bathing a child to boil or stand for at least a day;
3. Do not allow anyone to smoke either in the apartment, or on the balcony, or in the stairwell, and on returning to the apartment - to breathe for a child;
4. Remove from the room in which the child spends most of the time, all the extra items and furniture, including carpets and paintings. All of them are dust accumulators to which a newborn can react;
5. At least once every two days to carry out wet cleaning in the room;
6. For a while to remove from a home pets and birds.

Sometimes the doctor just entering the room calculates what substance causes a cold in a child.

If, even after this, the nose of the newborn remains stuffy, it is worthwhile to call the pediatrician or the patron of the sister. Since the specialist is often faced with similar situations, experience can tell him that in the air in the room can be the cause of the cold in a child. And just as a person who is not accustomed to the conditions in your particular apartment, he will easily notice the peculiarities of smells, atmosphere and microclimate already in the first minutes of the visit.

But what to do if a newborn's runny nose is accompanied high fever  body, that is, there is a clear infectious disease with an inflammatory process?

Always - remember, always! - with an increase in body temperature in a newborn baby and obvious signs respiratory disease  only a doctor should prescribe treatment to him and only after a direct examination. But not through the Internet. And the more so it is impossible to treat a viral or bacterial runny nose in a newborn baby, guided by articles on websites or advice from grandmothers and fans to scratch their tongue in forums.

Infectious diseases in newborns should not normally occur. After six months of life, they are also a normal phenomenon, but in the first months of life a child protected by immunity received from the mother should not cling to viruses or bacteria. To understand why your child has such an exception, can only a doctor. When listening to the baby, he will determine whether he has an infection in his nose, or she has moved to the lungs, the virus has become the cause of the disease, or bacteria. And most importantly: he will be able to figure out which remedy for a newborn's cold for your newborn, with its general physiological condition, with its immunity and other features, is appropriate.

High temperature and infection  a newborn is a dangerous situation

But self-treatment of rhinitis in newborns, including folk remedies, without experience and understanding of the principles of the development of infection and the action of drugs can lead to very serious consequences. Nose burns, severe allergies and inflammation of the lungs are just some of them.

But knowing how to cure a runny nose in newborns, parents need only to recognize outright misappropriations of the doctor (alas, and these sometimes happen) and in time to turn to another specialist.

Viral rhinitis and treatment rules

The main determining symptoms of viral rhinitis, which causes the corresponding runny nose - fever  child’s body, lethargy, lack of appetite, abundant liquid clean and transparent snot. In clinical studies, a smear of mucus from the nose in it is well defined a large number of lymphocytes - cells that effectively fight it with viral particles.

Lymphocytes are blood cells responsible for the fight against foreign particles (viruses, bacteria and others)

Strictly speaking, it is impossible to cure the viral runny nose of a newborn. The main amount of viral particles in the disease is in the cells of the nasal mucosa, where they can not work any medicine. To destroy viral particles can only components of the immune system of the body of the baby.

On a note

Be prepared for the fact that if the newborn ORVI, in less than a week, the disease will not pass. Purely fundamentally, the body needs at least 5-6 days to produce antibodies to the virus, and it will still take several days to completely eliminate (destroy) the virus particles that exist in the body. For 2-3 days to cure the viral runny nose of a newborn will not work.

For this reason, all funds from viral rhinitis  in a newborn, it is aimed precisely at supporting immunity and creating conditions in which the body itself will cope with the virus as quickly as possible. To do this, you must do the same thing that was done for the child with physiological rhinitis. It is extremely important that when a virus infection snot were liquid and constantly leaking from the child from the nose.

1. Interferon-based immunomodulating drugs - candles Viferon, Kipferon, Grippferon nasal drops, Derinat solutions, IRS-1. Not all doctors agree with the rationality and expediency of the use of such funds, since these funds do not have proven efficacy and work mainly in the placebo mode. But they also have pronounced side effects, and therefore they can be prescribed in very small quantities for newborn children and only in exceptional cases by decision of the doctor.
2. Antiseptics that reduce the amount of viral particles in the nasal mucus and prevent the spread of infection. Today such means are Octenisept, Okomistin and Miramistin, which destroy many viruses whose particles are of considerable size. However, if in Ukraine the same Okomistin is allowed for use in pediatrics, then in Russia up to 18 years of age its use is prohibited. In addition, no serious studies confirming its effectiveness and safety in newborns have been conducted. With other antiseptics, the situation is similar, so the feasibility of using these funds for the treatment of rhinitis is not straightforward.

Octenisept - antiseptic drug for local application

Prohibited!

It is impossible to treat with antibiotics viral runny nose in newborns. This is a complete violation of the rules for the use of antibiotics, indicating the irresponsible approach of the person who treats to work. Antibiotics are useless to fight viruses. If the doctor diagnoses an acute respiratory viral infection, and at the same time prescribes an antibiotic, it is better to simultaneously consult another doctor.

It is often necessary to treat a runny nose in a newborn baby with the use of symptomatic therapy.

When the body temperature rises to 38 ° C and higher, it is worth using antipyretic drugs like Nurofen or Paracetamol.

With complete nasal congestion and the absence of nasal breathing, the doctor may prescribe children’s vasoconstrictor drops. A newborn from a cold can be dripped Otrivin Baby, Nasol Baby, Nazivin Sensitive. However, the less they drip into the nose, the faster runny nose  will pass, and therefore if it is possible to refrain from the use of such drops, it is better to refrain. Any such cure for the common cold is necessary for the newborn only in order to reduce the strength of the painful symptoms.

Details about drops in the nose for newborns and infants, we talked about.

How to treat a cold rhinitis in a newborn

But the cold rhinitis in the newborn may well be treated. However, the feasibility of such treatment is not always unambiguous.

Streptococcus causing rhinitis

The fact is that the standard course of effective antibacterial agents (including antibiotics) is usually calculated for 4-5 days. At the same time, in the overwhelming majority of cases of bacterial cold in newborns, which developed after the transfer of a viral infection, lasts for 2-3 days, after which the pathogenic microflora in the nasopharynx is suppressed under the influence of the immune system and the child recovers. This means that a situation may happen when a runny nose and infection have already passed, and the baby will need to be given antibiotics for a few more days to prevent the development of resistant strains of bacteria. Consequently…

It makes sense to treat the cold rhinitis in a newborn baby only when after 2-3 days the disease has not passed by itself and the body cannot cope with the infection. Exceptions to this rule - severe illnessdeveloping in parallel with a runny nose, immunodeficiency states in children, including artificial immunosuppression, when treatment of the common cold should be started at the first signs.

Guaranteed to cure the bacterial cold in a newborn baby is possible after conducting bacterial studies of the composition of mucus and identifying the pathogen. This allows you to assign effective antibiotics  and other antibacterial drugs. Only sometimes the doctor can prescribe an antibiotic without baccosis. wide spectrum  actions for which it is highly likely that it will act.

Bacteria culture in a Petri dish. The laboratory determines the strain of microorganisms and their sensitivity to antibiotics.

For newborns, it is possible to use drugs based on such antibiotics:

1. Amoxicillin
2. Azithromycin
3. Gentamicin;
4. Tobramycin;
5. Ampicillin;
6. Cefuroxime;
7. Ceftriaxone;
8. Fortum;
9. Claforan;
10. Vancomycin;
11. Azithromycin;
12. Tienam;
13. Meronem;
14. Metronidazole.

All of these antibiotics have specific characteristics of absorption in the body and a different period of action. A doctor can treat a runny nose in a newborn with their help only by being sure that the antibiotics themselves will not be more dangerous than the disease.

Amoxicillin - an antibiotic used mainly parenterally in a hospital setting

Prohibited!

You can not drip antibiotics in the nose. All of them should be administered either for parenteral administration or by injection. The use of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes is also prohibited.

Also, the doctor can prescribe instillation into the nose of antiseptics of the type already discussed above Miramistin and Octenisept. It is impossible to cure a child with these funds, but they can enhance the effect of antibiotics. It should take into account their contraindications, interaction with other drugs and side effects.

In addition, parents should take measures to avoid drying out of the mucus in the child’s nose.

How can you treat a runny nose in a newborn?

It is completely unacceptable to use in newborns various plant juices for instillation into the nose. Even relatively safe Kalanchoe juice can lead to severe irritations and even bronchospasms in children during the first months of life.

On a note

From folk remedies, the newborn can only drip salted water into the nose. Although typically not a folk remedy, this is not an ordinary one — it is an ordinary home-made saline solution.

Saline solution with a certain concentration salt  in water

In addition, this small child  any means can easily get into the throat and airways. All folk remedies in small quantities are ineffective, and pouring them in the nose accounts for a lot. Therefore, with a cold in a newborn, such treatment may be more dangerous than the disease itself.

It is also impossible to treat a runny nose in a newborn:

1. Homeopathic remedies. They do not give any effect, but at the same time without effective drugs  A rhinitis requiring treatment can easily become complicated and go into more severe forms.
2. Oil drops in cases when a child's nose is excreted. liquid snot. In general, it is better not to use such agents without consulting a doctor.
3. Warming up the legs and mustard plaster. These procedures will not have any effect on the common cold.
4. Instillation into the nose of breast milk and honey. These funds only contribute to the development bacterial infection, but they have no therapeutic effect.

But the main thing is that the treatment of a cold in a newborn cannot be carried out without consulting a doctor. It is the home parent amateur more often leads to more severe consequences in the child than the actual disease. Therefore, in all difficult situations, call a doctor and call him to see a child.

Video: The main rule of treatment of rhinitis in children

A runny nose in an infant is an indication that the protective functions of the immune system have been developed in a child’s body. In such a situation, it is important to try to help the immune system to overcome the infection on its own, and not vice versa, to prevent it. In order to ensure the proper functioning of the mucous membranes of the child’s nose, it is necessary to regularly cleanse and moisturize the nasal passages. Only after such procedures, in cases of need, resort to therapy with medical drugs.

  The appearance of rhinitis speaks of the normal operation of the protective functions of the body

The main symptoms of rhinitis in babies

In infancy, the child is not yet able to breathe through the mouth, and since his nasal passages are quite narrow, the mucous membrane, swelling, makes breathing very difficult. The result is a simple runny nose. baby  - This is a very tedious symptom that gives the crumbs severe discomfort. WITH clogged nose  the baby becomes capricious, refuses to eat, does not sleep well.

Typically, a runny nose in a newborn lasts about two weeks. At first, the crumbs of the baby show copious mucus, and during a cold or as a result of hypothermia, it may also be accompanied by a rise in body temperature. Plus, if the runny nose is very strong, then in the area of ​​the nose and above the upper lip, it can cause irritation and lead to the appearance of swelling.

A runny nose is most often accompanied by:

• copious watery discharge from the nose;
• deterioration of the general condition against the background of elevated temperature, starting from 37 ° C;
• the appearance of shortness of breath and a violation of normal breathing;
• deviations from the usual rhythm of life, including sleep disturbances, wakefulness and diet;
• rejection of the breast or bottle and frequent interruptions in the process of sucking.

In cases where the cause of a cold is an allergy, it is not only watery discharge, but also bouts of sneezing, redness of the eyes and itching near the nose. Also, when there is a cold or a congested airway, a young child unconsciously stretches his arms to his nose and rubs it.

  In some cases, the general deterioration of the body condition joins the common cold, the temperature rises

Types of rhinitis and their causes

In total, there are 4 main types of rhinitis. He might be:

1.   . Such a runny nose in infants often occurs in 1-3 months and does not need therapy. The reason for its appearance is quite simple. During the period of pregnancy, while the child lived inside the mother, he was constantly in the liquid. As a consequence, the formation of mucous membranes begins only in its birth. At the initial stage, the nasal passages show absolute dryness, only a few weeks after birth, mucus production begins. Since this mechanism is not yet established and the aisles are rather narrow, the child may appear transparent liquid in small quantities. Snot month child  - This is a natural phenomenon that is not dangerous for the crumbs and does not cause him any special inconvenience. After a while, such a runny nose in an infant passes on its own without treatment, which in such a situation can only be harmful.
2. Infectious or viral. The cause of the disease is an infection triggered by either a bacterium or a virus, and the snot acts as a protective reaction of the body.
3. Allergic. All sorts of allergens can provoke him - for example, dust, flowers, household chemicals, animals, or products from my mother's diet, which he gets through her milk during breastfeeding. In this case, tearing of the eyes is added to the cold.
4. Vasomotor. It occurs in infants infrequently. Appears with problems with the vessels of the mucous membranes of the nose.

Pathology as the cause of rhinitis

It is also not necessary to exclude the possibility of congenital pathologies of the nasal passages and nasopharynx - for example, the curvature of the nasal septum, complete or partial fusion of the joan, hemangioma, polyps and tumors. Such deviations from the norm can be the cause of mucus discharge in 3-4 months crumbs. In infants, the pathology of joan fusion is most common. In this case, the exit to the nasopharynx from the nasal passages is blocked, as a result of which there is a complete or partial cessation of breathing through the nose. It is advisable not to skip and not postpone the routine examination at the ENT. They are usually held at 3 and 12 months.

  Prophylactic examination of the ENT doctor will allow early stage  identify congenital diseases and, if necessary, treat them

Probable complications after a cold

A runny nose in an infant can later become the cause of various complications. Among them:

Chronic runny nose

Chronic rhinitis is very widespread. Periodically, the crumbs take turns placing the nasal passages in turn, as a result, breathing through the nose becomes difficult and sometimes even impossible. The treatment of this condition is greatly complicated compared to ordinary rhinitis. However, to carry out treatment at home is quite realistic.

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an inflammatory process in paranasal sinuses. It can be provoked, like other diseases, by an infected physiological fluid, which, due to the lack of tightness in the nasopharynx, has the ability to spread throughout the respiratory system. The main problem is due to the fact that due to the weak development of the sinuses in early age  sinusitis can occur without visible symptoms. Sinusitis therapy, as well as similar inflammations, for example, tonsillitis or pharyngitis, can be done at home.

Otitis media

The danger of a runny nose in a child under six months of age is associated precisely with a high risk of developing this disease. There are 2 explanations for the fact that children at this age are subject to this complication. Firstly, up to 5-6 months, the crumb lies a lot, and in this position the secret of the mucous is not difficult to flow into the middle ear through the auditory tube. Secondly, at this age, the auditory tube itself is short and wide. Such a structure and contributes to the development of otitis. The main symptom of otitis media in the middle ear is pain in the ear. An infant begins to behave restlessly, constantly turning its head in different directions. In this situation, a mandatory ENT examination is required. In the future, the crumbs without proper attention may appear ear purulent discharge. This signals that the inflammatory process has reached a critical point. Plus, pus that flows from the ear means that eardrum  broke off.

With timely response to symptoms and taking the necessary measures, it is possible to treat otitis media at home. In addition, when the crumb already sits, crawls, or learns to walk, closer to 8-9 months, the probability of otitis falls sharply. Plus, the development of the auditory tube is gradually developing, by 7-11 months it is lengthening and becoming wider. As a result, a runny nose in a child of 9 months is dangerous not by otitis, but by other respiratory diseases.

The main approaches in the treatment

The natural desire of any mom, as soon as the crumbs begin to flow snot - to help him get rid of them. However, the treatment of rhinitis directly depends on exactly what causes led to its appearance. Before trying to cure a child with various methods, it is necessary to understand why the crumbs have snot, and for this it is necessary that it should be examined by a pediatrician. The doctor, seeing the nasal discharge and making an assessment of the patient's condition, will be able to establish the diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

In case of ARVI

In the first six months, children who are breastfed rarely encounter ARVI. This is due to the fact that mother's milk contains a large amount of immunoglobulins that protect the children's body from infections of a viral and bacterial nature. In infancy, experts recommend using a minimum number of drugs, so as not to provoke a possible allergic reaction.

With ARVI, parents should resort to the following measures:

• Clean the nose with saline solutions. To do this, you can buy a normal saline solution in a pharmacy or make a special solution for instillation into the nose on your own at home. Pure boiled water is not suitable for this purpose, as it will irritate the nasal mucosa. Examples of pharmaceutical antiseptics are "Furacilin" and "Miramistin".
• Use antiviral nasal drops. They are based on interferon. They help strengthen local immunity and prevent the virus from spreading.
• To resort to the help of local immunomodulators. Most often appointed drops in the nose "Derinat". However, many pediatricians are of the opinion that immunomodulators should not be used to treat ARVI in infants, since their immunity is in the process of being formed and their introduction may adversely affect health.

  With a cold with ARVI, nose drops are successfully used.

• Treat with homeopathic drops. Their use is quite common in the treatment of snot in infants. With rare exceptions, they do not cause an allergic reaction. In the first year of life, homeopathic drops “Euphorbium Compositum” are usually prescribed.

With complications of a bacterial nature

Complications of a bacterial nature include such diseases as otitis, sinusitis, adenoiditis, conjunctivitis. Usually in such situations antibiotic therapy is required, which consists in the use of:

• Local antibiotics. They usually form part of nasal drops. Children under 2–3 years of age are contraindicated. local antibiotics. However, in severe otitis or sinusitis, the pediatrician may prescribe them with a lower dosage.
• Systemic antibiotics. Their use is justified in the case of long purulent rhinitiswhich signals the presence of sinusitis in the baby. Also, antibiotics from the penicillin series are highly effective in streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. Alas, often in infants penicillin can cause allergies, then the doctor prescribes an antibiotic of another group.
• Vasoconstrictor drops. They are used as an anesthetic for otitis media, since such drops quickly relieve puffiness and reduce pain in the ear. In addition to otitis, they can be prescribed in case of prolonged difficulty breathing through the nose. Lack of oxygen in impaired breathing may adversely affect the overall development nervous system  organism. Soft drops, such as Otrivin, are more suitable for newborns. "Vibrocil" or "Nazivin" uses after 1 year.

• Antiseptic drops. The most popular among mothers of infants enjoys "Protargol." This silver solution is widely used among ENT specialists. It is important when using to comply with the dosage, since overdose there is a strong overdrying, mucosal tightening and silver accumulation in the body.

During allergies

For the treatment of allergic rhinitis, antihistamine medications, vasoconstrictor drops, or hormonal medications can be prescribed, if the crumbs of the nasal congestion are prolonged. However, it usually passes if all possible allergens are eliminated. For this you need:

• To do in the room where the child spends most of the time, high-quality wet cleaning. Carry out of it everything that collects a lot of dust on itself, this also applies to soft toys.
• If you can, you should buy a humidifier and an air purifier, a water filter.
• To conduct a certification test and the quality of children's products. This applies to toys, clothing, care products and blends.
• Revise the diet of a nursing woman.
• If a runny nose appeared at the initial stage of the introduction of complementary foods, review the components of the baby’s menu.

  The cause of rhinitis may even be allergic to some foods complementary.

An important role in therapy is correct care. First of all, it is necessary that the air in the room of the toddler is always clean, cool and humid. In addition, overheating should be avoided, as with it in a newborn as a result of drying of the mucous membranes dry crusts will be formed in the nose, making it difficult to breathe through the nose. With ARVI, frequent attachment to the chest and warm drink in accordance with age is also recommended.

6 prohibited methods in the treatment of infant rhinitis

There are a number of actions that should not be done during the treatment of snot in a child. These include:

1. Rinsing the nose. Consequences of this procedure may be inflammation of the middle ear due to fluid entering during washing into the Eustachian tube, or cough, and in some cases laryngism, due to fluid entering the nasopharynx and pharynx.
2. The use of sprays. At the age of up to one year, the baby still does not know how to hold his breath when injecting fluid, which as a result can get into the lungs and the baby is able to choke. So the use of sprays is allowed only to achieve 3 years.
3. The use of concentrated solutions. A child can get burns of mucous membranes, which causes a strong allergic reaction.
4. Instill nasal oil solutions. There is an opinion that the cilia of the epithelium are glued together due to the oil, which reduces the protective function of the nasal mucosa. Frequent use of such solutions is undesirable.
5. Steam inhalation. Such procedures are dangerous for body and respiratory tract burns, laryngospasms.
6. Treatment of folk remedies, for example, instillation of mother's milk. Such an approach can lead the baby to intensive care.

  Nose sprays can only be used by older children.

The most common issues with a cold in an infant

Infancy is an important period in the development and formation of a healthy organism. In order to avoid unnecessary anxiety and unrest associated with snot and their therapy, it is better to ask the question of the attending physician and ask him exciting questions. Among their many, the most frequently asked are:

1. How long does a cold usually last?  It all depends on the reason that caused it. In the case when it relates to respiratory symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, the duration varies within 1 week. A bacterial infection is characterized by a green or yellow discharge that lasts up to 2 weeks. If the snot does not stop after a two-week period, this indicates a possible allergic reaction.
2. What is the treatment of rhinitis in the newborn?  The basic principles of therapy are reduced to the same as in older babies. However, it is necessary to take into account the anatomical features of the crumbs, such as the sensitivity of the mucous membrane and the narrowness of the nasal passages. Nose cleansing should be done very carefully. It is important to monitor the dosage. drugs  and do not abuse nasal vasoconstrictor drops and hormonal agents. In the future, the use of a large number of local drugs in the neonatal period can lead to allergic rhinitis and dysbiosis of the intestinal microflora. In cases where the rhinitis has a physiological nature, treatment is not required. The period of formation of the mucous can last up to 10 weeks, it is accompanied by abundant secretions of mucus.
3. What to do to help crumbs with a bad cold?  When a baby gets too much mucus and it accumulates in the nasopharynx, this is a direct path to otitis. It is necessary to suck snot with the help of special children's aspirators and continue to do this as mucus accumulates.

Often, mothers are concerned about how to remove green mucous nasal discharge, because children still do not know how to show off as adults. Small children need mechanical help cleaning the nasal passages. As aids  Cotton turunds, previously lowered into a saline solution, or devices designed specifically for sucking snot can act. Nasal aspirators are considered safe from the first days of life. However, they should be used only in the case of acute rhinitis; for everyday care, it is better to use cotton wool co-needles. Syringes and small syringes are not suitable for such purposes, since there is a high risk of injury to the mucous membrane.

  You can remove mucous secretions using a mechanical or electric aspirator

Another problem faced by parents of babies - long snot. A runny nose in a child for 6 months and a year can be a sign of teething and the symptom lasts until they erupt. This is usually a clear liquid discharge without fever or other symptoms of ARVI. Also if the baby keeps sneezing green or yellow secretions  after an illness or a cold, it is a complication or infection. It is necessary to resort to drug treatmentand sometimes antibacterial. In addition, the reason why the crumbling sneezes constantly may be food or household allergies. In this case, it is necessary to exclude all potential allergens from the infant’s environment.

Calling a local doctor is one of the most reasonable and correct measures that parents should take when their nose is stuffed up. However, not every mommy will be satisfied with the recommendations of the pediatrician, and it is unlikely that she will want to drip drops to the baby, which will be prescribed, especially after reading the constituent components and side effects.

Many are beginning to look for answers on the Internet, watch video lessons from Dr. Komarovsky and read the forums. Unfortunately, even the advice of the famous pediatrician Komarovsky, who knows how to treat snot in children, does not always help one hundred percent. Without a personal examination, the doctor has no idea what happened to the child.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that treating a runny nose in newborns and babies up to a year is only necessary under the supervision of a pediatrician. Without his appointment can not be used hormonal, antibacterial and vasoconstrictor drugs. For otitis, sinusitis or adenoiditis, the otolaryngologist should treat the snot in the crumbs, and in allergies, the allergist should.

A runny nose in newborns is a problem that many mothers face, and it brings a lot of trouble for a child at that age. The eating habits of a newborn baby do not allow normal eating if the nose does not breathe. Then the general condition of the child is disturbed and such a small problem can become a serious pathology. It is necessary to treat this condition, because the baby can lose weight due to such a small problem.

Epidemiology

Epidemiology of rhinitis in newborns depends on the time of year. In the spring and winter, the incidence is very high. In newborns, a runny nose in 98% of cases leads to difficulty breathing, and this also makes it difficult to feed the baby. Etiologically runny nose in 87% of cases caused by rhinovirus. Complications of rhinitis occur only in 55% of cases, but despite this, only one rhinitis can greatly affect the overall condition of the baby.

Causes of rhinitis in the newborn

A newborn baby is a baby in the first 28 days after birth. This period of a child’s life is singled out separately, because at this time the child has functional features. internal organs and it adapts to environmental conditions. Therefore, any disease in this period for a child is very serious, because for the first time he faces such conditions. The immune system of a newborn child is not developed enough to resist various infections. The baby receives a certain amount of antibodies from the mother from mother's milk, but they may not be enough to eliminate all pathogens. Therefore, a simple viral infection for a child carries a threat - he can easily get sick. Newborns have features and respiratory system. The nasal passages of the child are narrow and have a good blood supply, the cilia of the airway epithelium are poorly developed, the child’s bronchi are narrow, the volume of the lungs is not large enough to ensure sufficient oxygenation in the disease. All these anatomical and functional features lead to the fact that when a virus hits the mucous membrane of the nasal passages, this virus cannot kill the newborn's immune system. Therefore, there is a local inflammatory process, which is accompanied by the expansion of blood vessels and the release of a large amount of plasma and extracellular fluid. Given that there are many vessels in the nasal cavity of a newborn, there is also a lot of secret. Narrow nasal passages lead to the fact that even a small runny nose makes breathing very difficult. Such features of the structure of the respiratory tract of a newborn child and underlie the pathogenesis of the development of the common cold and serious breathing difficulties due to this.

Causes of a runny nose in a newborn baby is in most cases of infection. Diseases of the upper respiratory tract are caused by viruses, so the main cause can be considered a viral infection. Adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus are among the possible causative agents, but rhinovirus is more often the causative agent of rhinitis. The pathogenesis of the development of symptoms is that when the pathogen enters the nasal mucosa, it begins to multiply. Local antibodies react to the ingress of a foreign microorganism and, in the course of an immune reaction, they dilate blood vessels. This leads to the secretion of extracellular fluid, which accumulates in the nasal passages. So there is a runny nose in a child. Incubation period  for rhinovirus infection from several hours to several days. Therefore, the symptoms of a child appear immediately after contact with a sick person.

Allergic rhinitis in the newborn is extremely rare, which is associated with the immaturity of the immune system. In this age allergic reactions  can not pass with a sufficient immune response, so allergic reactions of this type for newborns are not typical. The only reason for such a runny nose in a newborn baby is the reaction of the mother. If the mother has a serious allergic disease such as bronchial asthma  or pollinosis, then the child may be manifestations of allergic rhinitis. This happens if the mother is breastfeeding the baby at the time when the allergic factor is active at this time, for example, during the blooming of ambrosia or other flowers. The mother's body is sensitized by this allergen, which can cause allergic manifestations in a child of a different nature. Any factors, even food, can be harmful to the baby if the mother is breastfeeding. It is worth remembering for women who have a predisposition to allergies, because this is a serious risk factor for the child.

Risk factors

Risk factors for developing newborns with a cold are contact with a patient or with an infection carrier. Often the mother is a source of infection, as it is the most intimate contact with the child. The risk factor is even the age itself, because this is the period when the child is most vulnerable. Sometimes babies are born with congenital respiratory tract malformations or with congenital immunodeficiency states, then this is a very serious risk factor for the development of the common cold with further more serious complications.

Symptoms of rhinitis in the newborn

Symptoms of a runny nose in newborns can be a manifestation of a serious respiratory tract infection, but it can also be the only manifestation of rhinitis. The disease begins acutely when the child becomes restless and soon mucous fluid secretions appear from his nose. The baby refuses to breast, because when breastfeeding he has nothing to breathe. Thus, the baby does not gorge, therefore, begins to act up. Nasal discharge may be the only symptom of acute rhinitis. But such severe runny nose  in a newborn, it may even create the feeling that the child “grunts”. This indicates a significant difficulty in breathing, which requires immediate cleaning of the nasal cavity, because all the mucus is swallowed in the stomach and may even initiate diarrhea. The child sleeps most of the time, and this contributes to the fact that viruses enter the stomach and disrupt microcenosis. Therefore, diarrhea can be a frequent manifestation of a runny nose in newborns, to which the mother will turn her main attention.

Runny nose without fever is the most common occurrence in newborns. This is due to the fact that local inflammation in the nasal cavity is not able to initiate a systemic reaction with an increase in body temperature.

The runny nose and the temperature in a newborn baby indicates a good local protective mechanism. Body temperature rises no higher than 38.5 degrees, then we can assume that this is a manifestation of rhinitis. If the temperature is higher, then you can think about the appearance of complications or a more serious pathology than a cold.

When a child sleeps at night, the horizontal position causes the mucus to flow to the back of the throat. This reflex can cause a cough, so the child may cough because of such a cold. Therefore, at night, such a child hardly sleeps, and for his safety it is better to watch him and carry him upright. After all, the protective mechanisms of the larynx are not perfect, so mucus can easily get into the respiratory tract with the risk of aspiration. If a child’s cough appears on the background of a runny nose after a few days, then one may think that the inflammatory process has descended to the lower respiratory tract. Such a cough has a deep character and is pronounced throughout the day. Distinguishing the cough of a newborn baby from crying mother is very difficult, because it is not as pronounced as in adults. But nevertheless, with the slightest doubt you need to see a doctor. Sometimes a cough may not be so much expressed in a newborn as wheezingwhich is heard from a distance. This symptom appears on the third day after the onset of a runny nose and may be a manifestation of obstructive bronchitis or even pneumonia.

Allergic rhinitis in newborns is not frequent, but the first signs of such a rhinitis appear on the background of allergic manifestations in mom. Such a runny nose is not accompanied by strong mucous secretions, but is often manifested by simple nasal congestion. Mom notices that the child's voice is changing and he is not taking well. There may be allergic manifestations on the skin.

The physiological rhinitis in newborns occurs on the background of a post-term pregnancy, when the baby swallows amniotic fluid. Then immediately after birth, you can see that the baby does not breathe badly with its nose. But such phenomena quickly pass and by the time of discharge from the hospital nothing like this.

A runny nose may be the only manifestation of rhinitis, but if other symptoms appear, you should immediately consult with a doctor.

Complications and consequences

The consequence of an untimely diagnosed rhinitis may be the child’s refusal of the breast, since he cannot eat normally. This can lead to the loss of weight of the child, and the loss of even a pound is dangerous for such a small child. If the process is caused by a virus, then inflammation of the bronchi and lungs can develop very quickly with further adherence of the bacterial flora. A frequent complication of the common cold in newborns is the development of otitis media, which at that age even threatens hearing loss.

If the runny nose is not treated, then the mucus from back wall  the pharynx may flow down the esophagus into the stomach, which easily causes diarrhea in newborns. This dehydrates the body of the baby and can be serious problems in the future up to death.

Diagnosis of rhinitis in the newborn

Diagnosis of rhinitis is not so complicated, because all the symptoms are very clear and obvious. The main task in the diagnosis is to carefully examine the newborn baby and exclude complications from the bronchi and lungs. For this you need to carefully collect anamnesis. It is necessary to clarify with the mother when the runny nose began, how the child sleeps and whether she refuses to breastfeed. It is also necessary to find out if the child has a cough, and whether the body temperature has increased.

During the examination, you can see that the discharge from the nose is abundant and prevent the baby from breathing. If they are mucous and transparent, then a runny nose has just begun, and if the discharge is thick and green or yellow, then rhinitis comes to an end. Next, you need to listen to the child's lungs to determine the state of the lower respiratory tract. In normal conditions, if the child has only a runny nose, then in the lungs, auscultation will have vesicular or pueric respiration. If diffuse moist rales are heard, then there are complications in the form of acute simple bronchitis. If wheezes are dry whistling, then a sharp obstructive bronchitis. Local moist rales or crepitus is indicative of pneumonia. Therefore, it is very important not only to look at the child and state rhinitis, but to fully examine and listen to it.

It is also necessary to carry out auscultation of the heart, because if bronchiolitis develops against the background of a runny nose, there may be a reaction from the heart. Percussion will also help determine the diagnosis, and if we are talking about a simple cold, there will be a clear pulmonary sound.

The last thing you need to inspect the child's throat. It is difficult for a newborn to see a pharynx, therefore it is necessary to use a spatula. There may be no change if it is a simple cold. But there may also be a hyperemia of the posterior pharyngeal wall and mucus from the nasopharynx may leak oral cavity. Such changes need to be considered when treating a cold.

Analyzes of a newborn baby is quite difficult. Therefore, in the case of simple rhinitis, additional studies are not carried out, since the intervention is invasive and it does not justify the goal. If there is an assumption of pneumonia or obstructive bronchitis, then spend general analysis  blood and urine. Pneumonia is evidenced by leukocytosis and a shift to the left.

Instrumental diagnostics of rhinitis can be performed only in case of suspected complications such as pneumonia. Then it is necessary to carry out radiography of the lungs in order to confirm the diagnosis. In order to minimize the radiation dose for such a small child, ultrasound can be carried out to monitor the condition and determine the effectiveness of the treatment. This method allows you to see the state of the bronchi and lungs and determine the remnants of the inflammatory process.

You also need to differentiate the cold, as a symptom of rhinitis, with rhinopharyngitis and bronchitis. If the inflammation spreads to the pharynx, then rhinitis will be hyperemia of the pharynx, and with bronchitis, cough and wheezing in the lungs already appears.

Timely diagnosis of a runny nose in a newborn baby is very important, since in a baby of that age complications develop very quickly, in a matter of hours. Therefore, for proper treatment, you need to pay great attention to any symptoms.

Treatment of rhinitis in the newborn

Treatment of a cold in a child of such a small age should have the purpose of eliminating the symptoms so that the child can breathe and take the breast. It is very important to remember that the use of even symptomatic drugs can be harmful for the baby, so the approach to treatment should be reasonable.

Most often in the treatment of rhinitis is used topical treatment in the form of vascular-narrowing drops. But if such treatment in older children is important, then in babies such treatment should be used under certain conditions. To restore nasal breathing, it is necessary to eliminate those secretions that are in the nasal passages. To do this, there are special devices for the evacuation of mucus from the nose. They work on the principle of "vacuum cleaner" and with the help of air mucus is taken from the nasal passages. This is the first step in the symptomatic treatment of rhinitis. Next, you need to wash nasal cavity  salt solutions. They reduce the drying out of the baby’s nasal cavity and the amount of mucus. It is necessary to use such washing several times a day, in newborns up to seven times a day. To do this, salt solutions have a convenient form in the form of an aerosol, which is injected into the nasal cavity and falls on the entire length of the mucous membranes. After such a wash, breathing is easier. Saline from the common cold in newborns is also widely used instead of salt solutions. It has the same properties as salt preparations, but its cost is much lower. Using a saline solution allows you to wash the nasal cavity, because this solution is not absorbed.

In order for the child to sleep well at night, the third stage local treatment  rhinitis is the use of vascular-narrowing agents. Conditions for the use of such drugs is their single use only at night, because they are highly addictive. Thus, the child will sleep at night without significant secretions that interfere with breathing.

Symptomatic treatment of rhinitis involves the use of antipyretics with increasing body temperature. For newborns, the body temperature above 37.5 is considered already dangerous, so it needs to be lowered. In children, only drugs of the paracetamol group and ibuprofen are allowed.

1. But-salt is a drug that is used to wash the nasal cavity in a newborn. The active ingredient of this drug is sodium chloride, which moisturizes the nasal mucosa and prevents it from drying out. The drug is available in the form of drops and spray. The dosage for newborns is one drop and one injection per each nasal passage four times a day. For children older than a year - two drops. Side effects are not frequent, since the drug has only local effects.
2. Marimer is nasal drops that contain a solution of purified seawater. The drug helps to improve the normal state of the nasal mucosa and enhances the secretion of viscous secretions. The dosage of the drug - one drop three times a day. Side effects can only be with individual intolerance to the components of the drug.
3. Aquamax is a preparation for washing the nasal cavity based on saline. The use of the drug contributes to the dilution of the secret and its rapid removal. Method of application - one drop in each nasal passage. Side effects are not pronounced, since the absorption of the drug does not occur.
4. Knoxpray is a drug that narrows the vessels in the nasal cavity and dries the mucous membrane, making it easier to breathe. The main active ingredient of the drug is oxymetazoline. When hit on the mucous membrane of the drug acts on adrenoreceptors and narrows small arterioles. This results in less swelling and better breathing. This effect lasts for ten hours. Therefore, the method of use of the drug for the treatment of rhinitis in newborns is the use of only one night at a time, the effect should be enough for the whole night. Sometimes you can use the drug before feeding for the best process of breathing the child. The dosage of the drug for the newborn - once at night. Precautions - do not use often, as the drug is addictive. Side effects can be local in the form of burning and stinging in the nose, as well as systemic reactions - increased heart rate, breathing, drowsiness.
5. Panadol Baby is an antipyretic medicine in the form of a suspension to reduce the temperature in children with a cold. The main active ingredient is paracetamol. Five milliliters of suspension contains one hundred twenty milligrams of the substance. The method of use of the drug - inside a single dose, you can repeat the reception no sooner than four hours. The dosage is 10-15 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per dose. For newborns, a dose of one to two milliliters, depending on the weight of the child. Side effects - the effect on the liver can lead to cytolysis, there may be suppression of the formation of blood elements, laryngeal edema, decrease in the level of sugar. Precautionary measures - it is impossible to use more than six times a day.
6. Bofen is a suspension that is used to reduce the body temperature of a child against the background of a cold. The active ingredient is ibuprofen. The dosage is 5-10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per dose. Five milliliters of the suspension contains one hundred milligrams of the substance. Therefore, for newborns, a dose of one to three milliliters, depending on the weight of the child. Side effects occur as a violation of the digestive process, allergic manifestations, anemia.
7. Laferobion is a drug that incorporates recombinant human interferon, which increases the activity of antibodies in the fight against viral infections. The drug can be used in the first three days of treatment of viral infections, even in newborns. The dosage of the drug for children under one year is 150,000 IU twice a day in the form of candles. Treatment takes three or five days. Side effects are possible: itching at the injection site, redness, and allergies.

Vitamins for the treatment of rhinitis in newborns do not use, because any drugs and dietary supplements other than breast milk are prohibited for the child. The use of vitamins in the diet of the mother is solved individually.

Folk treatment of rhinitis in the newborn

Traditional methods of treatment can be used both for the child and for the mother to increase the level of antibodies that are transmitted from the milk to the child. For this you can use a lot of herbal infusions and teas, as well as immunomodulating agents for mom. In the treatment of the cold of the child also use nasal drops, which can be prepared at home.

1. Milk with honey has been known for a long time, as a tool that boosts the body's immune forces. Therefore, in order to improve the body's defenses, a mother can drink this remedy, unless of course there is no allergy to honey. To prepare the medicine, boil the milk and add two teaspoons of honey, twenty grams of butter and a few drops of olive oil to a cup of milk. It is better to drink milk at night and not more than once a day, as a nursing mother should consume the minimum amount of dairy products.
2. During pregnancy, mother is recommended tincture for the prevention of viral infections, which can also be used after giving birth if the mother is breastfeeding. To prepare such a medicine, you need to take two lemons, wash them thoroughly and grind them with a blender. There you need to add two tablespoons of honey and grated ginger root. As a result, you need to mix everything and leave for a few days. A thick mass is formed, which must be taken one tablespoon on an empty stomach. Ginger has a direct antiviral effect, so its use contributes to the penetration of antibodies with breast milk into the body of the fetus.
3. To wash the nose in case of a cold in a newborn, you can prepare a salt solution at home. To do this, boil half a liter of water, cool it a little and add half a tablespoon. sea ​​salt. Salt can be bought at the pharmacy, it should be without any dyes and not cosmetic. You can take simple salt, but it is not so refined and can cause allergies. Warm solution needs to bury the nose of the child with a pipette four times a day, one drop.
4. The use of aloe or kalanchoe in newborns is not recommended. However, given the properties of such a drug, you can use it once for the night. To do this, rinse the aloe leaf and squeeze fresh juice out of it. Before digging it is necessary to dilute the juice by half with water, as it is highly concentrated.

The use of herbal medicinal teas helps to enhance the effect. drug methods  and speeds recovery. Many herbs have natural flavonoids that act on viruses and kill them. But you need to use herbs with caution, as they have a very high allergization of the body of the newborn.

1. A decoction of herbs, mother-and-stepmother and Altea has a high antiviral activity. Such herbs have anti-inflammatory effect and dilute the secret of the nasal cavity. For the broth you need to take 30 grams of each weed and make tea. Given the small age, you first need to make tea from a mother and stepmother and take it throughout the day, taking into account the reaction of the child. If there are no allergic manifestations, then the next day you can add Althea.
2. A decoction of ivy leaves can be used to wash the nozzle of a child. To do this, you need to insist thirty grams of ivy leaves in a hundred grams of boiled water. After that, you need to drip into the child's spout one drop of the solution three times a day. This solution dilutes mucous secretion well and improves nasal breathing.
3. During the period of viral infection in a child a very important element of treatment is an adequate water regime, which contributes to the release of viral particles. Therefore, it is recommended for mom to use a sufficient amount of alkaline liquid. You can make tea from ginger, lemon or dried fruit. The main thing is that a huge amount of herbs does not affect the composition of breast milk.

Homeopathy in the treatment of rhinitis in the newborn can be used mainly for mothers. Nose drops in newborns based on homeopathic remedies can also be used in complex therapy.

1. Allium flail is organic. homeopathic medicine, which consists of herbs. Used for the treatment of rhinitis, which is accompanied by strong mucous discharge and lacrimation. The method of using the drug orally in the form of grains for the reception of the mother or in the form of nose drops for the child. The dosage in the case of receiving drops - one drop two times a day. Preparation of the drug should be made only by an experienced homeopath, because the dilutions can be different depending on the weight of the child. Side effects are possible in the form of increased salivation and nausea. Precautions - do not use in combination with honey.
2. Hepar sulfur is a preparation of homeopathic origin from the group of inorganic preparations. Used for the treatment of rhinitis in a child, which is accompanied by the formation of purulent crusts with an unpleasant odor. The method of use of the drug in the form of drops of a certain dilution. The dosage in the case of receiving drops - one drop once a day. Side effects are not frequent.
3. Sabadilla is a homeopathic herbal remedy of natural plant origin. The drug can be used for rhinitis, which has an allergic nature in parallel for the mother and child. The method of use of the drug - the use of homeopathic solution in ampoules, dissolving them in pure water. Dosage - five drops in a glass of water for the mother, and for the child one drop should be dissolved in a glass of warm boiled water, then you need to drip your nose. Side effects may be in the form of insomnia in the mother or a violation of the chair with diarrhea in the child.
4. Sambucus is a homeopathic remedy of natural plant origin, which is recommended for infants. This plant is primarily a systemic treatment for rhinitis, which is accompanied by dryness and nasal congestion with severe fever. The method of use of the drug - in the form of droplets dissolving them in pure water. Dosage - three drops per fifty grams of water. Side effects can be in the form of increased pressure, tachycardia, insomnia. Often there is a violation of the chair in the form of diarrhea. Precautionary measures - it is impossible to apply in the presence of an allergy in a family to coniferous trees.
5. Arum trifillum is a homeopathic remedy of inorganic origin. This tool acts by improving the regeneration of the epithelium of the nasal mucosa and normalization of the function of cilia. Used in the treatment of rhinitis, which is accompanied by the formation of bloody dense crusts. The dosage of the drug is two drops in each nasal passage in the morning. Side effects are possible in the form of local itching and burning. Precautions - do not use the drug when acute otitis.

Prevention

Preventing the occurrence of rhinitis in the baby nonspecific. Since the child's body is easily exposed to infections, it is necessary to avoid contact with the sick, especially the nursing mother. If the family has older sick children, then for mom you can use antivirals  based on interferon. For the baby, you can also use candles or interferon drops for prevention.

Forecast

The recovery prognosis for a child with rhinitis is favorable, in case of proper and timely treatment. But in any case, rhinitis lasts at least a week, so it is important to use symptomatic treatment during this period to improve breathing and the general condition of the child.

A runny nose in a newborn is symptoms of nasal congestion or heavy mucous discharge, which can even lead to fever. This is a manifestation of an acute viral infection in a child. In order to improve the condition of the child and normalize the process of feeding and sleeping, you need to use symptomatic methods of treatment. It is important to remember that the body of a newborn baby is very vulnerable, so you need to prevent any diseases.

What to do if a small child has a runny nose? Parents may notice this unpleasant symptom not only during the cold season - nasal congestion often appears, even if there is no draft in the room, and the child is warmly dressed while walking on the street. A runny nose of an infectious nature is much more dangerous for newborns than for adults; its manifestations are equated by the severity of the condition to the systemic inflammatory process. In the absence of therapy, spontaneous recovery is unlikely, the risk of complications - otitis, sinusitis is very high. Therefore, treatment of rhinitis in newborns should include a toilet of the nasal cavity, the use of symptomatic decongestants.

What you need to know

For a small child, a runny nose is much more dangerous than for an adult. Newborns most of the time are in the prone position, while the mucus from the nasal cavity flows into the throat. A runny nose in the baby disrupts nasal breathing, interferes with sucking, contributes to the swallowing of air and the development of symptoms of flatulence, the occurrence of otitis media and other complications.

It is impossible to begin the treatment of a cold in a child, without knowing what pathology in question. A runny nose is a syndrome, that is, a complex of symptoms that are most often caused by the presence of an inflammatory process in the anatomical borders of the nasal mucosa - rhinitis. In infants, rhinitis is always combined with pharyngitis - inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, so the doctor on examination can talk about a diagnosis such as rhinopharyngitis or nasopharyngitis.

Reflecting on how to cure a runny nose quickly, you need to understand that the inflammatory process proceeds sequentially and cannot be interrupted. Infectious rhinitis in a child lasts several days, and the general condition depends on the severity of edema and the degree of intoxication. Rhinitis may not be the only manifestation, therefore, it is impossible to treat only a runny nose in isolation, it is only a symptom - it is important to eliminate the root cause.

How to cure rhinitis in infants? There is no drug or method that can immediately get rid of unpleasant symptoms. This applies, inter alia, to traditional medicines - most of them cannot be called safe for newborns. To alleviate the condition of the child, you must:

• understand what caused a runny nose;
• make the air the child breathes clean, moisturized, cool;
• eliminate dryness and swelling of the mucous membrane of the nose and throat.

These are the main activities. Additionally, antimicrobial agents can be prescribed (for bacterial infections), antiallergic drugs. The need for medications for infants is determined by a pediatrician. Before a visit to a medical facility, you should not use pharmacological drugs yourself, because the right choice  need confidence in the diagnosis.

Looking for the cause

Runny nose in newborns occurs very often - this is due to the immaturity of all functional systems of the body, including respiratory and immune. When inflammation of the nasal mucosa, babies need help - a runny nose is tolerated by such children as systemic, that is, having an effect on the whole body's disease. In addition, small children have the power anatomical features  very narrow nasal passages - even small edema significantly disrupts nasal breathing.

The vast majority of cases of rhinitis in newborns are associated with respiratory infectionsthat can be repeated throughout the year. In addition to infection, rhinitis can also be triggered by allergies, trauma (thermal, chemical, mechanical). The last option should not be forgotten, since the probability of injury to the nasal mucosa in childhood is quite high - for example, with careless use of a bottle with nasal drops, injected into the nose onion juice. However, the most common is still infectious rhinitis  - Among the probable pathogens in newborns can be called:

When choosing a treatment, it is worth remembering that snot in a newborn baby is not always a manifestation confirming the presence of an inflammatory process.

The mucous membrane reacts to dry and dusty air in the room, often swells when the teeth are cut in children - this is due to increased blood circulation and increased functional activity of the glands in the nasal cavity. A runny nose can be physiological and becomes, therefore, a manifestation of adaptation to new environmental conditions for the child. Therefore, before suspecting a cold, it is necessary to exclude other causes of the appearance of congestion - this will help avoid the useless drug load on the body.

Eliminate discomfort

Numerous recommendations are devoted to the proper care of a newborn, probably read by parents both before birth and after the appearance of the child more than once. They say how to feed, swaddle and properly bathe children. But when there is a cold of any nature, it is also important to answer the following questions:

1. Is the nursery airing?
2. What indicators of humidity and temperature are maintained in it?
3. How dusty, saturated with chemicals and probable allergens is the air?
4. Is wet cleaning done?

Newborns spend a lot of time indoors, and the microclimate conditions in it directly affect their health. What if there are snot in the newborn - what to do in this case? Rate how the children's microclimate meets the requirements:

• humidity in the range of 50–70%;
• temperature in the range of 18–20 ° C;
• the absence of "dust collectors" - bookcases, heavy fabric curtains, fleecy carpets.

Dust increases the dryness of the air, dryness enhances swelling. If the child’s nose was stuffed up due to unsatisfactory moisture and the temperature of the inhaled air, after adjusting the microclimate conditions, the runny nose will disappear. When inflammation, the fight against dust and dryness will ease the condition - the mucus will cease to dry out, it will be easier to remove it from the nasal cavity. The child needs to be warmly dressed, but you should not cover the neck, nose and mouth with a blanket.

Air and clean the room regularly, but in the absence of a child in it. If there are no obstacles in the form of bad weather conditions or deterioration of health, go for a short walk. For cleaning surfaces, it is better to use the most safe means of household chemicals or do without them. In the room where the child is, you can not spray perfumes, cosmetics with a strong odor (for example, deodorants in the form of sprays), air fresheners.

If a newborn baby has nasal discharge, pay attention to humidity, temperature and dustiness of the air, avoid irritants - household chemicals, cosmetics, perfumery.

Moisturize the mucous

How to treat a runny nose in a newborn? The fact that dryness of the nasal mucosa is an unfavorable factor has already been mentioned in the previous section. However, improving the conditions of the microclimate is not the only way to help a newborn child with a cold. Available and safe means are a variety of salt solutions, with which you can:

• moisturize the mucosa;
• achieve the liquefaction of thick mucus;
• clear the nasal cavity of secretions.

Saline solution does not have pharmacological activity and does not have side effects. Of course, when using it, precautions should be observed, but the adverse consequences are mainly due to incorrect or inaccurate administration. An example is the use of a solution in the form of a spray with a fully stuffed nose — an overpressure leads to infected mucus getting into auditory tube  and may cause the development of otitis media.

Doctors call the procedure for introducing saline solution  in the child's nose in different ways - toilet or flushing the nose, irrigation therapy. Anyway, the treatment of a runny nose in a newborn must begin with the purification of the nasal cavity with a salt preparation. How to do it right? For a small child does not need a syringe, and especially a pear-syringe, which could be useful to an adult. Instead, take a bottle of drops and follow these steps:

1. Wait until the solution warms to body temperature (for this you can hold the vial in the palm of your hand for several minutes).
2. Place the child on his back so that the head is slightly tilted back - this position is necessary in order to maximally clean the nasopharynx.
3. Enter up to 3 drops of saline solution in each nostril - at the same time the drops should flow arbitrarily, the tip of the vial cannot be inserted deep into the nose.

Washing can be done regularly, even every hour and a half. Saline is used both to eliminate congestion and moisture, and to prepare for the introduction of drugs - for example, vasoconstrictor drops. If the nose is not cleaned, there is a risk that the medicine will not have an effect - a layer of dried mucus will prevent it. After washing, you can suck out the expanded and liquid mucus using a nasal aspirator.

To treat the runny nose of a newborn baby, such drugs as Salin, Aqua Maris Baby, Otrivin Baby and their analogues are suitable - and only in the form of drops.

Drops are safer than a spray, using which the liquid is injected under pressure. To avoid irritation of the mucous membrane, it is necessary to use isotonic saline solutions (for example, 0.9% sodium chloride solution). Infants can also drip the drug with a salt concentration in the range of 0.65–0.75%.

Reduce swelling

How to treat snot? The main symptoms of a runny nose - swelling and mucus secretion - can be eliminated with the help of vasoconstrictor drugs. It is important to understand that eliminating, that is, fighting a symptom does not mean curing. The causes of rhinitis from vasoconstrictor drops will not disappear, but many adverse effects, such as otitis, can be avoided.

Many parents are afraid to use vasoconstrictor drops due to the risk of side effects - in particular, the development of arrhythmias. It sounds scary, especially since the symptoms of overdose are often observed - but only in the case when “adult” medications are used by inattention or unknowingly. Concentrations active substances  in preparations intended for children, significantly reduced. This does not negate the need to control the amount and frequency of administration of the drug, but allows the use of vasoconstrictor drops even in infants.

When nursing baby  need decongestant drops? The indication may be:

• inability to breathe through the nose;
• febrile fever (temperature above 38.5 ° C);
• otitis media and other complications of rhinitis;
• rapid breathing, shortness of breath.

No need to drip a vasoconstrictor in advance, while the nose is still breathing - use it only according to indications. Choose only drugs approved for children in the right concentration (Vibrocil), do not forget about the preparation of the mucous membrane with saline. You should not use the drug more than 3 times a day, while respecting the frequency of administration (for example, every 6 hours, it depends on the duration of the active ingredient and is indicated in the instructions).

When the newborn has a cold, vasoconstrictor drops are not used for more than 3 days due to the likelihood of undesirable effects (in particular, addiction to the drug).

Using vasoconstrictor agents  closely related to the risk of tachyphylaxis - a condition that in which to eliminate edema, you will need to constantly increase the dose of the drug. In addition, while there is an increase in the common cold, there is a dependence on drops, constant edema (medical rhinitis). Therefore, the duration of use of decongestants should be limited, especially since proper treatment  3 days after the onset of the disease, they are usually not necessary.

When a newborn child has symptoms of a cold, it is necessary to contact a medical institution - a specialist will establish the correct diagnosis and give recommendations that are appropriate in a particular case. Immediately show the child to the doctor if the congestion is accompanied by fever, refusal to feed, upset stool, vomiting, weight loss, cramps, skin rashes and mucous membranes.

Especially if we are talking about a newborn baby, consult a doctor. It is very important. The pediatrician will examine the child and find out the reason for the swelling of the baby’s nose and the appearance of heavy discharge. On this basis, treatment is prescribed, which is aimed at facilitating breathing and will not allow viruses and bacteria to penetrate deep into the body.

Treatment of rhinitis in newborns differs from the methods in adults, and their use without the advice of a doctor is strictly prohibited.

Causes of rhinitis in newborns

Due to the swelling of the nasal mucosa, the baby becomes restless, refuses breast or mixture, which leads to weight loss. Pediatricians allocate the following reasons  the appearance of this disease in children:

• physiological;
• allergic;
• viral or bacterial.

Rhinitis in a newborn child does not always indicate the presence of a virus or bacterial flora. At the birth of a child, namely, its mucous does not fully perform its functions. It adapts to the environment, is the regulation of the amount of mucus. This is called physiological and is considered a normal manifestation. Most often it occurs in the first month of life. Therefore, if the parents noticed a runny nose in a child of 2 weeks of age, then most likely it is a physiological appearance.

Excessive nasal discharge and swelling of the mucous membranes also arise from a virus or bacteria entering the airways. The immunity of the baby is not yet strong. After being born, he undergoes many attacks and fights him. If rhinitis is provoked viral infection, then the parents observe a strong irritability of the baby, poor sleep. This is due to the strong swelling of the mucous membrane, which interferes with the normal breathing of the baby.

Allergic rhinitis in the newborn also happens. This is largely due to the immature body of the baby. Modern life of a person is a set of chemical irritants, besides the air of a big city is not very clean. All this leads to irritation of the nasal mucosa and the occurrence of allergic manifestations.

Rhinitis in newborns is associated with overdried indoor air. It is very important to keep the air humidity at 50% in the room where the newborn is. To do this, purchase a special device that measures this indicator.

A runny nose in infants at 4 months is associated with the eruption of the first milk teeth. If at the same time there is swelling of the gums, but the temperature indicators are normal, then you should not worry. This is a temporary irritation of the mucous, which will pass by itself.

More active work of the salivary glands leads to its entry into the nasal passages. What also causes rhinitis.

At the first manifestations of the disease do not self-medicate - contact your pediatrician with a problem. He will examine the baby and correctly determine the cause of the common cold. Assign an adequate course of treatment.

Symptoms of yellow and green snot

To cure a cold newborn baby is not so easy. In many ways, this is due to the fact that it is impossible to determine early rhinitis in time. The baby will not say that it has itchy nose or it has become more difficult to breathe. Therefore, parents already see a picture of the disease in its acute form, and sometimes in a complicated one.

The main symptom of a cold is fluid discharge from the nose. At the initial stage, they are transparent and sparse. This is due to the fact that the body is struggling with manifestations of infection and is trying to remove pathogens from the nasal passages. This process is observed for about 2 days. Then the secret begins to thicken and acquires a certain shade, which indicates the beginning of a stagnant process in the nasal passages of the baby.

Yellow or green appear as a result of the fight of immunity with bacteria that have joined the irritated mucosa. Such shades of secretions give dead leukocytes and bacteria. At the same time, the more intense the color, the better is the process of fighting immunity.

  Parents should understand that the appearance of such secretions after long-term transparent rhinitis in the newborn is a normal process and indicates recovery. But if green or yellow snot  have not stopped for more than two weeks, and are characterized by an increase in the amount of secreted secretion, it is necessary to immediately contact the pediatrician. This is what begins sinusitis in infants. Yellow  discharge often has a purulent character. Inflammatory process it can be not only in the nasal passages, but also spread to the ears (acute otitis) and the pharynx (adenoids). In these diseases, another symptom is added to the restless behavior of the child: increased body temperature. Watch for the behavior of the crumbs, often the disease causes the baby to constantly rub his nose or ears, which are very painful for otitis.

Principles of treatment of rhinitis baby 1 month

Often a runny nose in infants in 1 month of his life is observed physiological in nature. But this does not mean that parents should be inactive. You can guess that a baby has a runny nose because of his characteristic behavior, when he constantly touches his face with his hands. Mucous discharge from the nose with abundant and sometimes bubbly. The baby's sleep is disturbed, he often cries. If the newborn has an increase in the amount of nasal discharge, then it is necessary to carry out the following measures to ensure a comfortable stay of the baby and reduce the chances of developing a bacterial infection in the nasal passages. Pediatricians argue that physiological treatment is possible only with the help of certain actions of parents.

1. Check the humidity level. To do this, purchase a special device that shows this figure. For normal functioning of the mucous membrane, the required humidity is 50%. If the figure is lowered, the baby’s mucous membrane dries out and becomes irritated.
2. Do wet cleaning in the room where the baby is. This will help maintain moisture and remove house dust, which also irritates the mucous membrane of the baby.
3. If possible, remove carpets and soft toys from the room, which accumulate dust and provoke allergic rhinitis.
4. Air the room. Fresh air is very important for the crumbs.

If the mother notices that the baby has a fever, or if he refuses to eat, the situation with the cold is aggravated, then these procedures do not achieve recovery. Most likely this is the beginning of a bacterial or viral rhinitis. Which require a certain treatment.

What drips newborn with a cold?

To cure a runny nose in a baby toddler baby for newborns, Otrivin, baby Nazivin, which have a vasoconstrictive nature. They can be taken only after consultation with the attending pediatrician. They will remove puffiness and make breathing easier. The baby will sleep better. But the listed vasoconstrictor drugs relieve symptoms in the form of mucosal edema. The following drugs from the common cold for babies have a therapeutic effect and fight infection and viruses:

• oxolinic ointment;
• interferon;
• flupferon;
• viferon.

If the rhinitis is bacterial with characteristic green or yellow secretions, then children use extericide. They have a good antibacterial effect on the nasal mucosa. Instructions for use of an ekteritsid nasalus indicates the number of drops in each nostril, but it is better to follow the instructions of the attending physician. In addition, parallel control of the bacteriological state of the mucous is recommended.

Interferon and glueferon is used in case of a head cold in infants, if the disease is viral in nature. These drugs  have an antiviral effect, stimulate the immune system of the baby. With the implementation of all recommendations for use, with properly selected dosage, a day later there is a significant decrease in viral cells.

Drops from the cold for the vasoconstrictor effect, as well as children's nazol. The main component is phenylephril, which lends blood vessels. Such an ingredient as lavender oil softens the mucous membrane. It is often used as an anti-allergy medicine for newborns and as an adjunctive medicine for acute otitis. The tool is not used for more than a week, as it leads to habituation and its futility.

If babies have a bad cold that does not stop for more than 5 days, then doctors can prescribe Isofra drops, Polydex spray, Bioporox.

These drugs contain a small amount of antibacterial drugstherefore apply only as prescribed by a doctor. Their use for a long time is not allowed.

Treatment of rhinitis in babies aged 2 and 3 months

If the doctor observes a runny nose in infants at 2 months, then, in addition to vasoconstrictor drops, he prescribes additional antiviral drugs, based on human interferon. They act as immunostimulants, inhibiting the development of viruses.

If the discharge becomes purulent, then antiseptics are prescribed. Most often written out for newborns. This means for instillation in the nose on silver, it is prepared on the prescription form of a doctor at the pharmacy. Such a rhinitis in infants 3 months is also treated eye drops  Albucids that do well with purulent secretions.

Drops from a cold for babies of the first year of life

Almost all of the common cold for newborns have a vasoconstrictor effect. They facilitate the breathing of the baby, removing the swelling of the mucous. When treating with such drops, it should be understood that they do not act only locally. They enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. This causes a lot of adverse reactions in the baby’s body. Therefore, parents should follow a doctor's prescription. Do not take vasoconstrictor drops without appointment, for a long time  and out of control. This leads to a reverse reaction of the mucous when it reacts with even more swelling.

Treatment of sinusitis in an infant

Sinusitis is the development of a bacterial infection in maxillary sinuses. In infants, the disease is common. The reason for this disease is not treated viral rhinitis. If a baby has a runny nose with purulent discharge, immediately consult a doctor. Usually the doctor prescribes the following activities:

• washing the nasal sinuses with saline;
• instillation of vasoconstrictor drugs;
• stimulation of the immune forces of the baby;
• the use of drops with anti-inflammatory effect;
• antibiotic therapy course 3-5 days.

Runny nose in a newborn purulent local application (Bioporox, Isofra). When running sinus the doctor may prescribe a surgical treatment.

Any heat effects during sinusitis are strictly forbidden, since these actions aggravate the condition and create a favorable environment for the development of pathogenic microorganisms.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis in infants

To understand that the baby allergic rhinitis, it is necessary to trace the discharge from the nose. If they are constantly transparent and do not change their consistency for several days, then we are talking about allergies. Before you begin treating allergic rhinitis in infants, limit it from exposure to irritant. It will burn carpeting, feather pillow, soft toys. Remove these possible allergens from the baby’s room. Ventilate the room where the baby is, do wet cleaning. To facilitate breathing, experts recommend a drop of Vibrocil, Avamys. If there are allergic snot in infants for 9 months, then antihistamines are added to the diet. They are used only as prescribed by a doctor.

The right approach to treatment and the baby is healthy!